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Q7.23:

Give IUPAC names of the following ethers:

Solution :

Analytical Framework: IUPAC Nomenclature of Ethers

According to the IUPAC nomenclature guidelines for ethers ($R-O-R'$), the parent chain is selected based on the longest alkyl group attached to the oxygen atom, while the shorter alkyl group along with the oxygen atom is treated as an alkoxy substituent. The general format is alkoxyalkane.

Step 1: Analysis of Structure (i)

Structure: $CH_3OC_2H_5$

  • Identification of groups: The two groups attached to the oxygen atom are a methyl group ($-CH_3$) and an ethyl group ($-C_2H_5$).
  • Parent chain selection: The ethyl group has a longer carbon chain (2 carbons) compared to the methyl group (1 carbon). [Per IUPAC Rule: Assign the longer alkyl chain as the parent alkane].
  • Naming: The methoxy group ($CH_3O-$) is attached to the ethane parent chain.
  • Result: Methoxyethane.

Step 2: Analysis of Structure (ii)

Structure: $C_6H_5OCH_2CH_2CH_2CH_3$

  • Identification of groups: Phenoxy group ($-OC_6H_5$) and butyl chain ($CH_2CH_2CH_2CH_3$).
  • Parent chain selection: The butyl chain contains 4 carbons, whereas the phenyl group is an aromatic ring. In such cases, the ether is named as an alkoxy-substituted alkane.
  • Naming: The phenoxy group is attached to the first carbon of the butane chain.
  • Result: 1-Phenoxybutane.

Step 3: Analysis of Structure (iii)

Structure: $CH_3(CH_2)_4OCH_3$

  • Identification of groups: Methyl group ($-CH_3$) and pentyl chain ($-CH_2CH_2CH_2CH_2CH_3$).
  • Parent chain selection: The pentyl group is the longer chain.
  • Naming: The methoxy group is attached at the 1-position of the pentane chain.
  • Result: 1-Methoxypentane.

Step 4: Analysis of Structure (iv)

Structure: $CH_3CH_2CH_2OCH_3$

  • Identification of groups: Methyl group ($-CH_3$) and propyl chain ($-CH_2CH_2CH_3$).
  • Parent chain selection: The propyl group is the longer chain.
  • Naming: The methoxy group is attached at the 1-position of the propane chain.
  • Result: 1-Methoxypropane.

Summary Data Table

Structure IUPAC Name
$CH_3OC_2H_5$ Methoxyethane
$C_6H_5OCH_2CH_2CH_2CH_3$ 1-Phenoxybutane
$CH_3(CH_2)_4OCH_3$ 1-Methoxypentane
$CH_3CH_2CH_2OCH_3$ 1-Methoxypropane

Visual Representation of IUPAC Logic

O CH3 C2H5 Structure: Alkoxy (Small) - Oxygen - Alkane (Large)

Final Solution: The IUPAC names for the ethers are: (i) Methoxyethane, (ii) 1-Phenoxybutane, (iii) 1-Methoxypentane, (iv) 1-Methoxypropane.


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