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Q5.5(v):
Specify the oxidation numbers of the metals in the following coordination entities: \([Cr(NH_{3})_{3}Cl_{3}]\)

Solution :

Step 1: Identification of Components and Oxidation States

To determine the oxidation state of the central metal atom, Chromium ($Cr$), in the coordination entity $[Cr(NH_{3})_{3}Cl_{3}]$, we assign algebraic variables to the oxidation numbers of all constituent atoms and ligands based on the principle of charge neutrality for a neutral coordination complex.

  • Let $x$ be the oxidation number of the metal, $Cr$.
  • The ligand $NH_{3}$ (ammine) is a neutral molecule, meaning its oxidation number is $0$. [Per the rules of coordination nomenclature].
  • The ligand $Cl^{-}$ (chloro) is an anionic ligand with a charge of $-1$. [Per standard ionic classification].

Step 2: Mathematical Formulation of the Equilibrium

The sum of the oxidation numbers of all atoms and ligands in a neutral coordination entity must equal the net charge of the entity, which is $0$.

The equation is structured as follows:

$x + (3 \times \text{oxidation state of } NH_{3}) + (3 \times \text{oxidation state of } Cl^{-}) = 0$

Step 3: Algebraic Calculation

Substituting the identified values into the equation:

$x + (3 \times 0) + (3 \times -1) = 0$

$x + 0 - 3 = 0$

$x - 3 = 0$

$x = +3$

Visual Representation of the Coordination Entity

Cr NH₃ Cl⁻ NH₃ NH₃ Complex: [Cr(NH₃)₃Cl₃]⁰ Oxidation State of Cr: +3

Step 4: Conclusion

By applying the summation of oxidation states, we determine that the Chromium atom maintains an oxidation state of $+3$ to balance the three chloride ligands within the octahedral coordination sphere.

Final Solution: The oxidation number of Chromium (Cr) in $[Cr(NH_{3})_{3}Cl_{3}]$ is $+3$.


More Questions from Class 12 Chemistry Coordination Compounds Exercises


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