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Q5.6(iv):
Using IUPAC norms write the formulas for the following: Potassium tetracyanidonickelate(II)

Solution :

Step 1: Identification of the Coordination Entity Components

To determine the chemical formula for Potassium tetracyanidonickelate(II), we must decompose the name into its constituent parts based on IUPAC nomenclature rules for coordination compounds:

  • Potassium: The counter-ion ($K^+$) is placed outside the coordination sphere.
  • Tetracyanido: This prefix indicates four ($tetra$) cyanide ($CN^-$) ligands coordinated to the central metal atom.
  • Nickelate: The suffix "-ate" indicates that the coordination complex forms an anionic entity (a complex anion).
  • (II): The Roman numeral denotes the oxidation state of the central metal ion, Nickel ($Ni$), which is $+2$.

Step 2: Determining the Charge of the Coordination Complex

We calculate the charge of the complex anion $[Ni(CN)_4]^x$ using the oxidation states of the individual components:

  • Oxidation state of $Ni = +2$ [Given by the (II) notation].
  • Oxidation state of $CN^- = -1$ [Per standard anionic ligand properties].
  • The number of ligands $n = 4$.

The total charge ($x$) of the coordination sphere is calculated as follows:

$x = (\text{Oxidation state of } Ni) + 4 \times (\text{Charge of } CN^-)$

$x = (+2) + 4 \times (-1)$

$x = +2 - 4 = -2$

Thus, the coordination complex is $[Ni(CN)_4]^{2-}$.

Step 3: Balancing the Charges to Determine the Formula

To form a neutral compound, the total positive charge from the counter-ion must neutralize the negative charge of the complex anion [Per the Principle of Electroneutrality].

  • Charge of complex: $-2$
  • Charge of Potassium ($K$): $+1$

Let $y$ be the number of potassium ions required:

$y(+1) + (-2) = 0 \implies y = 2$

Therefore, we require two $K^+$ ions for every one $[Ni(CN)_4]^{2-}$ complex.

Step 4: Structural Representation

K 2 [Ni(CN) 4 ]

Step 5: Final Synthesis

Combining the counter-ion and the coordination sphere, the final IUPAC formula is derived by placing the cation first, followed by the coordination entity.

Final Solution: $K_2[Ni(CN)_4]$


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