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Q5.24 (ii):
Write down the IUPAC name for the complex and indicate the oxidation state, electronic configuration and coordination number. Also give stereochemistry and magnetic moment of the complex: ([Co(NH_{3})_{5}Cl]Cl_{2})

Solution :

Step 1: Nomenclature and Oxidation State Determination

The complex is formulated as $[Co(NH_{3})_{5}Cl]Cl_{2}$.

  • IUPAC Name: Pentaamminechloridocobalt(III) chloride [Per IUPAC nomenclature rules for coordination compounds, ligands are listed alphabetically: ammine before chlorido].
  • Oxidation State ($x$):
    Let the oxidation state of $Co$ be $x$.
    $x + 5(0) + 1(-1) + 2(-1) = 0$
    $x - 1 - 2 = 0 \Rightarrow x = +3$
    The Cobalt ion is in the $+3$ oxidation state ($Co^{3+}$).

Step 2: Electronic Configuration

  • Atomic number of $Co (Z=27)$: $[Ar] 3d^{7} 4s^{2}$
  • Electronic configuration of $Co^{3+}$: Remove 3 electrons (two from $4s$, one from $3d$): $[Ar] 3d^{6}$

Step 3: Coordination Number and Geometry

  • Coordination Number: The central metal atom is bonded to 5 $NH_{3}$ molecules (monodentate) and 1 $Cl^{-}$ ion (monodentate). Total = $5 + 1 = 6$.
  • Geometry: A coordination number of 6 corresponds to an octahedral geometry.
Co NH₃ NH₃ Cl⁻ NH₃ NH₃ NH₃

Step 4: Stereochemistry and Magnetic Moment

  • Stereochemistry: The complex $[Co(NH_{3})_{5}Cl]^{2+}$ is of the type $[MA_{5}B]$. This type of complex does not exhibit geometrical isomerism (cis-trans) nor optical isomerism, as there is no arrangement that creates non-superimposable mirror images or distinct spatial orientations for the single $Cl$ ligand.
  • Magnetic Moment ($μ$):
    $NH_{3}$ is a strong field ligand, but for $Co^{3+}$ ($d^{6}$), even with weak ligands, it typically forms low-spin complexes. However, in this specific octahedral field, all electrons are paired in $t_{2g}$ orbitals.
    Configuration: $t_{2g}^{6}, e_{g}^{0}$.
    Number of unpaired electrons ($n$) = 0.
    Magnetic Moment formula: $μ = \sqrt{n(n+2)} \text{ B.M.}$
    $μ = \sqrt{0(0+2)} = 0 \text{ B.M.}$
    The complex is diamagnetic.

Final Solution: The complex is Pentaamminechloridocobalt(III) chloride. The oxidation state is +3, electronic configuration is $3d^{6}$, coordination number is 6, it has no stereoisomers, and the magnetic moment is 0 B.M. (diamagnetic).


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