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Q5.24(iv):
Write down the IUPAC name for each of the following complexes and indicate the oxidation state, electronic configuration and coordination number. Also give stereochemistry and magnetic moment of the complex: \(Cs[FeCl_{4}]\)

Solution :

Step 1: Nomenclature and Coordination Number

The complex is $Cs[FeCl_{4}]$.

  • IUPAC Name: Cesium tetrachloroferrate(III). [Per IUPAC nomenclature, the cation is named first, followed by the anionic complex where the central metal Fe takes the suffix "-ate"].
  • Coordination Number: The central metal ion is bonded to 4 chloride ligands. Each $Cl^{-}$ is a monodentate ligand. Therefore, the Coordination Number is $4$.

Step 2: Oxidation State Determination

Let the oxidation state of Fe be $x$.
Given: $Cs$ is $+1$, $Cl$ is $-1$.
$1(+1) + x + 4(-1) = 0$ [Sum of oxidation states in a neutral complex is zero].
$1 + x - 4 = 0 \implies x = +3$.
Oxidation State: $+3$.

Step 3: Electronic Configuration

The electronic configuration of neutral $Fe$ ($Z=26$) is $[Ar] 3d^{6} 4s^{2}$.
For $Fe^{3+}$: $[Ar] 3d^{5}$.
In $[FeCl_{4}]^{-}$, $Cl^{-}$ is a weak field ligand [Spectrochemical series]. Consequently, there is no pairing of $d$-electrons, resulting in high-spin $sp^{3}$ hybridization (tetrahedral geometry).
Electronic Configuration of $Fe^{3+}$ in complex: $t_{2g}^3 e_g^2$ (or $d_{xy}^1 d_{yz}^1 d_{zx}^1 d_{x^2-y^2}^1 d_{z^2}^1$).

Step 4: Stereochemistry and Magnetic Moment

  • Geometry: The coordination number 4 with a weak field ligand signifies a Tetrahedral geometry.
  • Magnetic Moment: The number of unpaired electrons ($n$) = 5.
    Using the spin-only formula $\mu_{eff} = \sqrt{n(n+2)} \, B.M.$ [Per the Bohr-van Leeuwen theorem].
    $\mu_{eff} = \sqrt{5(5+2)} = \sqrt{35} \approx 5.92 \, B.M.$

Visual Representation: Tetrahedral Geometry

Fe Cl Cl Cl Cl
Property Value
Oxidation State $+3$
Coordination Number $4$
Geometry Tetrahedral
Magnetic Moment $5.92 \, B.M.$

Final Solution: The complex $Cs[FeCl_{4}]$ is Cesium tetrachloroferrate(III). It possesses a tetrahedral geometry with an $Fe^{3+}$ oxidation state, $sp^{3}$ hybridization, and a magnetic moment of $5.92 \, B.M.$ due to 5 unpaired electrons.


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