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Q5.24(ii):
Write down the IUPAC name for each of the following complexes and indicate the oxidation state, electronic configuration and coordination number. Also give stereochemistry and magnetic moment of the complex: \([Co(NH_{3})_{5}Cl]Cl_{2}\)

Solution :

Step 1: Nomenclature and Oxidation State

The complex is $[Co(NH_{3})_{5}Cl]Cl_{2}$. To determine the oxidation state of the central metal atom, Cobalt ($Co$), we account for the charges of the ligands and counter-ions:

  • Ligands: $NH_{3}$ (ammine) is neutral ($0$), $Cl^{-}$ (chloro) is $-1$.
  • Counter-ions: $2 Cl^{-}$ outside the coordination sphere contribute $-2$.
  • Let $x$ be the oxidation state of $Co$: $x + 5(0) + 1(-1) + 2(-1) = 0 \implies x - 3 = 0 \implies x = +3$.

The IUPAC name is pentaamminechloridocobalt(III) chloride.

Step 2: Coordination Number and Electronic Configuration

The coordination number is determined by the total number of donor atoms attached to the central metal atom. Here, $5$ $NH_{3}$ molecules (monodentate) and $1$ $Cl^{-}$ ion (monodentate) are attached.

Coordination Number = $5 + 1 = 6$.

For $Co^{3+}$ ($Z=27$):

  • Neutral $Co$: $[Ar] 3d^{7} 4s^{2}$
  • $Co^{3+}$: $[Ar] 3d^{6} 4s^{0}$
  • Electronic Configuration: $t_{2g}^{6} e_{g}^{0}$ (Due to the presence of ligands, the $d$-orbitals split in an octahedral field).

Step 3: Stereochemistry and Magnetic Moment

With a coordination number of $6$, the geometry is octahedral. $NH_{3}$ and $Cl^{-}$ are strong/moderate field ligands causing pairing of electrons in the $d$-orbitals [Per Crystal Field Theory].

Since the $d^{6}$ configuration results in all electrons being paired in the $t_{2g}$ set ($t_{2g}^{6} e_{g}^{0}$), the complex is diamagnetic.

  • Number of unpaired electrons ($n$) = $0$.
  • Magnetic moment ($\mu$) = $\sqrt{n(n+2)} B.M. = \sqrt{0(0+2)} = 0 \text{ B.M.}$

Step 4: Visual Representation of Geometry

Co NH₃ NH₃ NH₃ NH₃ NH₃ Cl⁻
Property Value/Description
IUPAC Name pentaamminechloridocobalt(III) chloride
Oxidation State +3
Coordination Number 6
Geometry Octahedral
Magnetic Moment 0 B.M. (Diamagnetic)

Final Solution: The IUPAC name is pentaamminechloridocobalt(III) chloride. The Cobalt ion is in a +3 oxidation state with a $d^{6}$ electronic configuration. The complex is octahedral, diamagnetic, and possesses a magnetic moment of 0 B.M.


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