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Q5.7(vi):
Using IUPAC norms write the systematic names of the following: \([NiCl_{4}]^{2-}\)

Solution :

Step 1: Identification of Coordination Entity Components

The complex ion is given as $[NiCl_{4}]^{2-}$. The components are defined as follows:

  • Central Metal Atom/Ion: Nickel ($Ni$).
  • Ligands: Four chloride ions ($Cl^{-}$). The prefix for four is "tetra-". Since the ligand is anionic, the suffix "-ide" is changed to "-o", resulting in "chlorido".
  • Coordination Entity Charge: The complex is an anion (indicated by the overall charge of $-2$).

Step 2: Calculation of Oxidation State of Nickel

Let $x$ be the oxidation state of Nickel ($Ni$).

The oxidation state of a chloride ion ($Cl^{-}$) is $-1$. [Per IUPAC Nomenclature rules for anionic ligands].

The sum of oxidation states in a complex ion equals the total charge of the complex:

$x + 4(-1) = -2$ [Per the Principle of Algebraic Sum of Oxidation States in a Coordination Complex]

$x - 4 = -2$

$x = +2$

The oxidation state of Nickel is $II$.

Step 3: Application of IUPAC Naming Conventions

According to IUPAC recommendations for coordination compounds:

  1. Ligand Naming: List ligands alphabetically. We have four chlorido ligands: "tetrachlorido".
  2. Metal Naming: Because the complex ion is anionic ($[NiCl_{4}]^{2-}$), the central metal must end in the suffix "-ate". Thus, "Nickel" becomes "Nickelate".
  3. Oxidation State: The oxidation state is indicated by Roman numerals in parentheses immediately following the name of the metal.
  4. Overall Structure: Name of ligands + Name of central metal (with suffix) + (Oxidation state) + "ion".

Step 4: Systematic Construction of the Name

Combining the identified parts:

  • Ligand portion: tetrachlorido
  • Metal portion: nickelate(II)
  • Suffix for ion: ion
Ni Cl Cl Cl Cl Complex: [NiCl₄]²⁻

Final Solution: tetrachloridonickelate(II) ion


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