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Q6.1(vii):
Name the following halides according to IUPAC system and classify them as alkyl, allyl, benzyl (primary, secondary, tertiary), vinyl or aryl halides: (vii) \(CH_{3}C(Cl)(C_{2}H_{5})CH_{2}CH_{3}\)

Solution :

Step 1: Structural Analysis and Carbon Chain Identification

The given molecular structure is $CH_{3}C(Cl)(C_{2}H_{5})CH_{2}CH_{3}$. To determine the IUPAC name, we must first identify the longest continuous carbon chain containing the principal functional group (the chlorine atom).

  • The structure can be expanded as: $CH_{3}-C(Cl)(CH_{2}CH_{3})-CH_{2}CH_{3}$
  • Identifying the parent chain: The longest chain containing the carbon bonded to the chlorine atom consists of 5 carbons (pentane).
  • Numbering the chain: To provide the lowest locant to the substituent (chloro), we number the chain from the side that assigns the smallest number to the chlorine atom. Numbering from the left gives the chlorine the position 3.

Step 2: IUPAC Nomenclature Derivation

Following the IUPAC nomenclature rules [Per IUPAC Gold Book standards]:

  1. Parent alkane: Pentane (5 carbon atoms).
  2. Substituent: Chloro group at position 3.
  3. Structure: 3-chloropentane.

Step 3: Structural Classification

To classify the halide, we analyze the carbon atom directly bonded to the halogen ($C-Cl$):

  • The central carbon atom is bonded to three other alkyl groups (one methyl group and two ethyl groups).
  • Since the carbon bonded to the chlorine is attached to three other carbon atoms, it is classified as a tertiary ($3^\circ$) alkyl halide. [Definition: Alkyl halides where the halogen is attached to an $sp^3$ hybridized carbon atom bonded to three other alkyl groups].

Step 4: Molecular Visualization

CH₃ Cl CH₂CH₃ CH₂ CH₃

Step 5: Summary Table of Data

Feature Result
IUPAC Name 3-Chloropentane
Classification Alkyl halide (Tertiary, $3^\circ$)

Final Solution: The IUPAC name is 3-chloropentane, and it is classified as a tertiary ($3^\circ$) alkyl halide.


More Questions from Class 12 Chemistry Haloalkanes and Haloarenes Exercises


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