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Q6.8:
What are ambident nucleophiles? Explain with an example.
Solution :
Definition: Ambident Nucleophiles
An ambident nucleophile is defined as a chemical species possessing two or more nucleophilic sites (atoms with lone pairs of electrons) through which it can potentially attack an electrophilic center. While the species has multiple potential points of attachment, the actual site of attack depends on reaction conditions, solvent polarity, and the nature of the electrophile. [Per Nucleophilic Substitution Theory]
Detailed Case Study: The Cyanide Ion ($CN^-$)
The cyanide ion is the classic paradigm of an ambident nucleophile. It consists of a carbon atom and a nitrogen atom, both possessing lone pairs capable of forming coordinate covalent bonds.
Step 1: Mechanism of C-Attack
When the cyanide ion reacts with an alkyl halide (e.g., $R-X$) in the presence of ionic reagents like $KCN$ (potassium cyanide), the reaction proceeds primarily through the carbon atom.
- Chemical Logic: $KCN$ is predominantly ionic. In a polar, aprotic solvent, the carbon atom carries a higher electron density and acts as a stronger nucleophile.
- Equation: $R-X + KCN_{(alc)} \rightarrow R-CN + KX$
- Result: Alkyl Nitrile (or Alkyl Cyanide).
Step 2: Mechanism of N-Attack
Conversely, when using reagents like $AgCN$ (silver cyanide), the reaction path shifts toward the nitrogen atom.
- Chemical Logic: $AgCN$ is largely covalent in character. The lone pair on the carbon atom is involved in the $Ag-C$ covalent bond, leaving the lone pair on the nitrogen atom more available for nucleophilic attack. [Per HSAB Principle - Hard Soft Acid Base Theory]
- Equation: $R-X + AgCN \rightarrow R-NC + AgX$
- Result: Alkyl Isonitrile (or Alkyl Carbylamine).
Comparative Summary
| Reagent | Primary Nucleophilic Site | Product Type |
|---|---|---|
| $KCN$ (Ionic) | Carbon ($C$) | Alkyl Nitrile ($R-CN$) |
| $AgCN$ (Covalent) | Nitrogen ($N$) | Alkyl Isonitrile ($R-NC$) |
Final Solution: Ambident nucleophiles are species like $CN^-$ or $NO_2^-$ that contain two nucleophilic centers. The cyanide ion ($CN^-$) functions as an ambident nucleophile by forming alkyl nitriles ($R-CN$) via its carbon atom when using ionic $KCN$, or alkyl isonitriles ($R-NC$) via its nitrogen atom when using covalent $AgCN$.
More Questions from Class 12 Chemistry Haloalkanes and Haloarenes Exercises
- Q6.1(i): Name the following halides according to IUPAC system and classify them as alkyl, allyl, benzyl (primary, secondary, tertiary), vinyl or aryl halides: (i) \((CH_{3})_{2}CHCH(Cl)CH_{3}\)
- Q6.1(i): Name the following halides according to IUPAC system and classify them as alkyl, allyl, benzyl (primary, secondary, tertiary), vinyl or aryl halides: (i) ( (CH_{3})_{2}CHCH(Cl)CH_{3} )
- Q6.1(ii): Name the following halides according to IUPAC system and classify them as alkyl, allyl, benzyl (primary, secondary, tertiary), vinyl or aryl halides: (ii) \(CH_{3}CH_{2}CH(CH_{3})CH(C_{2}H_{5})Cl\)
- Q6.1(ii): Name the following halides according to IUPAC system and classify them as alkyl, allyl, benzyl (primary, secondary, tertiary), vinyl or aryl halides: (ii) ( CH_{3}CH_{2}CH(CH_{3})CH(C_{2}H_{5})Cl )
- Q6.1(iii): Name the following halides according to IUPAC system and classify them as alkyl, allyl, benzyl (primary, secondary, tertiary), vinyl or aryl halides: (iii) \(CH_{3}CH_{2}C(CH_{3})_{2}CH_{2}I\)
- Q6.1(iii): Name the following halides according to IUPAC system and classify them as alkyl, allyl, benzyl (primary, secondary, tertiary), vinyl or aryl halides: (iii) ( CH_{3}CH_{2}C(CH_{3})_{2}CH_{2}I )
- Q6.1(iv): Name the following halides according to IUPAC system and classify them as alkyl, allyl, benzyl (primary, secondary, tertiary), vinyl or aryl halides: (iv) \((CH_{3})_{3}CCH_{2}CH(Br)C_{6}H_{5}\)
- Q6.1(iv): Name the following halides according to IUPAC system and classify them as alkyl, allyl, benzyl (primary, secondary, tertiary), vinyl or aryl halides: (iv) ( (CH_{3})_{3}CCH_{2}CH(Br)C_{6}H_{5} )
- Q6.1(ix): Name the following halides according to IUPAC system and classify them as alkyl, allyl, benzyl (primary, secondary, tertiary), vinyl or aryl halides: (ix) \(CH_{3}CH=CHC(Br)(CH_{3})_{2}\)
- Q6.1(ix): Name the following halides according to IUPAC system and classify them as alkyl, allyl, benzyl (primary, secondary, tertiary), vinyl or aryl halides: (ix) ( CH_{3}CH=CHC(Br)(CH_{3})_{2} )
- Q6.1(v): Name the following halides according to IUPAC system and classify them as alkyl, allyl, benzyl (primary, secondary, tertiary), vinyl or aryl halides: (v) \(CH_{3}CH(CH_{3})CH(Br)CH_{3}\)
- Q6.1(v): Name the following halides according to IUPAC system and classify them as alkyl, allyl, benzyl (primary, secondary, tertiary), vinyl or aryl halides: (v) ( CH_{3}CH(CH_{3})CH(Br)CH_{3} )
- Q6.1(vi): Name the following halides according to IUPAC system and classify them as alkyl, allyl, benzyl (primary, secondary, tertiary), vinyl or aryl halides: (vi) \(CH_{3}C(C_{2}H_{5})_{2}CH_{2}Br\)
- Q6.1(vi): Name the following halides according to IUPAC system and classify them as alkyl, allyl, benzyl (primary, secondary, tertiary), vinyl or aryl halides: (vi) ( CH_{3}C(C_{2}H_{5})_{2}CH_{2}Br )
- Q6.1(vii): Name the following halides according to IUPAC system and classify them as alkyl, allyl, benzyl (primary, secondary, tertiary), vinyl or aryl halides: (vii) \(CH_{3}C(Cl)(C_{2}H_{5})CH_{2}CH_{3}\)
- Q6.1(vii): Name the following halides according to IUPAC system and classify them as alkyl, allyl, benzyl (primary, secondary, tertiary), vinyl or aryl halides: (vii) ( CH_{3}C(Cl)(C_{2}H_{5})CH_{2}CH_{3} )
- Q6.1(viii): Name the following halides according to IUPAC system and classify them as alkyl, allyl, benzyl (primary, secondary, tertiary), vinyl or aryl halides: (viii) \(CH_{3}CH=C(Cl)CH_{2}CH(CH_{3})_{2}\)
- Q6.1(viii): Name the following halides according to IUPAC system and classify them as alkyl, allyl, benzyl (primary, secondary, tertiary), vinyl or aryl halides: (viii) ( CH_{3}CH=C(Cl)CH_{2}CH(CH_{3})_{2} )
- Q6.1(x): Name the following halides according to IUPAC system and classify them as alkyl, allyl, benzyl (primary, secondary, tertiary), vinyl or aryl halides: (x) \(p-ClC_{6}H_{4}CH_{2}CH(CH_{3})_{2}\)
- Q6.1(x): Name the following halides according to IUPAC system and classify them as alkyl, allyl, benzyl (primary, secondary, tertiary), vinyl or aryl halides: (x) ( p-ClC_{6}H_{4}CH_{2}CH(CH_{3})_{2} )
- Q6.1(xi): Name the following halides according to IUPAC system and classify them as alkyl, allyl, benzyl (primary, secondary, tertiary), vinyl or aryl halides: (xi) \(m-ClCH_{2}C_{6}H_{4}CH_{2}C(CH_{3})_{3}\)
- Q6.1(xi): Name the following halides according to IUPAC system and classify them as alkyl, allyl, benzyl (primary, secondary, tertiary), vinyl or aryl halides: (xi) ( m-ClCH_{2}C_{6}H_{4}CH_{2}C(CH_{3})_{3} )
- Q6.1(xii): Name the following halides according to IUPAC system and classify them as alkyl, allyl, benzyl (primary, secondary, tertiary), vinyl or aryl halides: (xii) \(o-Br-C_{6}H_{4}CH(CH_{3})CH_{2}CH_{3}\)
- Q6.1(xii): Name the following halides according to IUPAC system and classify them as alkyl, allyl, benzyl (primary, secondary, tertiary), vinyl or aryl halides: (xii) ( o-Br-C_{6}H_{4}CH(CH_{3})CH_{2}CH_{3} )
- Q6.10(i): Predict all the alkenes that would be formed by dehydrohalogenation of the following halides with sodium ethoxide in ethanol and identify the major alkene: (i) 1-Bromo-1-methylcyclohexane
- Q6.10(i): Predict all the alkenes that would be formed by dehydrohalogenation of the following halides with sodium ethoxide in ethanol and identify the major alkene: (i) 1-Bromo-1-methylcyclohexane
- Q6.10(ii): Predict all the alkenes that would be formed by dehydrohalogenation of the following halides with sodium ethoxide in ethanol and identify the major alkene: (ii) 2-Chloro-2-methylbutane
- Q6.10(ii): Predict all the alkenes that would be formed by dehydrohalogenation of the following halides with sodium ethoxide in ethanol and identify the major alkene: (ii) 2-Chloro-2-methylbutane
- Q6.10(iii): Predict all the alkenes that would be formed by dehydrohalogenation of the following halides with sodium ethoxide in ethanol and identify the major alkene: (iii) 2,2,3-Trimethyl-3-bromopentane.
- Q6.10(iii): Predict all the alkenes that would be formed by dehydrohalogenation of the following halides with sodium ethoxide in ethanol and identify the major alkene: (iii) 2,2,3-Trimethyl-3-bromopentane.
- Q6.11(i): How will you bring about the following conversions? (i) Ethanol to but-1-yne
- Q6.11(i): How will you bring about the following conversions? (i) Ethanol to but-1-yne
- Q6.11(ii): How will you bring about the following conversions? (ii) Ethane to bromoethene
- Q6.11(ii): How will you bring about the following conversions? (ii) Ethane to bromoethene
- Q6.11(iii): How will you bring about the following conversions? (iii) Propene to 1-nitropropane
- Q6.11(iii): How will you bring about the following conversions? (iii) Propene to 1-nitropropane
- Q6.11(iv): How will you bring about the following conversions? (iv) Toluene to benzyl alcohol
- Q6.11(iv): How will you bring about the following conversions? (iv) Toluene to benzyl alcohol
- Q6.11(ix): How will you bring about the following conversions? (ix) 1-Chlorobutane to n-octane
- Q6.11(ix): How will you bring about the following conversions? (ix) 1-Chlorobutane to n-octane
- Q6.11(v): How will you bring about the following conversions? (v) Propene to propyne
- Q6.11(v): How will you bring about the following conversions? (v) Propene to propyne
- Q6.11(vi): How will you bring about the following conversions? (vi) Ethanol to ethyl fluoride
- Q6.11(vi): How will you bring about the following conversions? (vi) Ethanol to ethyl fluoride
- Q6.11(vii): How will you bring about the following conversions? (vii) Bromomethane to propanone
- Q6.11(vii): How will you bring about the following conversions? (vii) Bromomethane to propanone
- Q6.11(viii): How will you bring about the following conversions? (viii) But-1-ene to but-2-ene
- Q6.11(viii): How will you bring about the following conversions? (viii) But-1-ene to but-2-ene
- Q6.11(x): How will you bring about the following conversions? (x) Benzene to biphenyl.
- Q6.11(x): How will you bring about the following conversions? (x) Benzene to biphenyl.
- Q6.12(i): Explain why (i) the dipole moment of chlorobenzene is lower than that of cyclohexyl chloride?
- Q6.12(i): Explain why (i) the dipole moment of chlorobenzene is lower than that of cyclohexyl chloride?
- Q6.12(ii): Explain why (ii) alkyl halides, though polar, are immiscible with water?
- Q6.12(ii): Explain why (ii) alkyl halides, though polar, are immiscible with water?
- Q6.12(iii): Explain why (iii) Grignard reagents should be prepared under anhydrous conditions?
- Q6.12(iii): Explain why (iii) Grignard reagents should be prepared under anhydrous conditions?
- Q6.13: Give the uses of freon 12, DDT, carbon tetrachloride and iodoform.
- Q6.13: Give the uses of freon 12, DDT, carbon tetrachloride and iodoform.
- Q6.14(i): Write the structure of the major organic product in each of the following reactions:
- Q6.14(i): Write the structure of the major organic product in each of the following reactions:
- Q6.14(ii): Write the structure of the major organic product in each of the following reactions:
- Q6.14(ii): Write the structure of the major organic product in each of the following reactions:
- Q6.14(iii): Write the structure of the major organic product in each of the following reactions:
- Q6.14(iii): Write the structure of the major organic product in each of the following reactions:
- Q6.14(iv): Write the structure of the major organic product in each of the following reactions:
- Q6.14(iv): Write the structure of the major organic product in each of the following reactions:
- Q6.14(v): Write the structure of the major organic product in each of the following reactions:
- Q6.14(v): Write the structure of the major organic product in each of the following reactions:
- Q6.14(vi): Write the structure of the major organic product in each of the following reactions:
- Q6.14(vi): Write the structure of the major organic product in each of the following reactions:
- Q6.14(vii): Write the structure of the major organic product in each of the following reactions:
- Q6.14(vii): Write the structure of the major organic product in each of the following reactions:
- Q6.14(viii): Write the structure of the major organic product in each of the following reactions:
- Q6.14(viii): Write the structure of the major organic product in each of the following reactions:
- Q6.15: Write the mechanism of the following reaction:
- Q6.15: Write the mechanism of the following reaction:
- Q6.16(i): Arrange the compounds of each set in order of reactivity towards \(S_{N}2\) displacement: (i) 2-Bromo-2-methylbutane, 1-Bromopentane, 2-Bromopentane
- Q6.16(i): Arrange the compounds of each set in order of reactivity towards ( S_{N}2 ) displacement: (i) 2-Bromo-2-methylbutane, 1-Bromopentane, 2-Bromopentane
- Q6.16(ii): Arrange the compounds of each set in order of reactivity towards \(S_{N}2\) displacement: (ii) 1-Bromo-3-methylbutane, 2-Bromo-2-methylbutane, 2-Bromo-3-methylbutane
- Q6.16(ii): Arrange the compounds of each set in order of reactivity towards ( S_{N}2 ) displacement: (ii) 1-Bromo-3-methylbutane, 2-Bromo-2-methylbutane, 2-Bromo-3-methylbutane
- Q6.16(iii): Arrange the compounds of each set in order of reactivity towards \(S_{N}2\) displacement: (iii) 1-Bromobutane, 1-Bromo-2,2-dimethylpropane, 1-Bromo-2-methylbutane, 1-Bromo-3-methylbutane.
- Q6.16(iii): Arrange the compounds of each set in order of reactivity towards ( S_{N}2 ) displacement: (iii) 1-Bromobutane, 1-Bromo-2,2-dimethylpropane, 1-Bromo-2-methylbutane, 1-Bromo-3-methylbutane.
- Q6.17: Out of \(C_{6}H_{5}CH_{2}Cl\) and \(C_{6}H_{5}CHClC_{6}H_{5}\), which is more easily hydrolysed by aqueous KOH.
- Q6.17: Out of ( C_{6}H_{5}CH_{2}Cl ) and ( C_{6}H_{5}CHClC_{6}H_{5} ), which is more easily hydrolysed by aqueous ( KOH ).
- Q6.18: p-Dichlorobenzene has higher m.p. than those of o- and m-isomers. Discuss.
- Q6.18: p-Dichlorobenzene has higher m.p. than those of o- and m-isomers. Discuss.
- Q6.19(i): How the following conversions can be carried out? (i) Propene to propan-1-ol
- Q6.19(i): How the following conversions can be carried out? (i) Propene to propan-1-ol
- Q6.19(ii): How the following conversions can be carried out? (ii) Ethanol to but-1-yne
- Q6.19(ii): How the following conversions can be carried out? (ii) Ethanol to but-1-yne
- Q6.19(iii): How the following conversions can be carried out? (iii) 1-Bromopropane to 2-bromopropane
- Q6.19(iii): How the following conversions can be carried out? (iii) 1-Bromopropane to 2-bromopropane
- Q6.19(iv): How the following conversions can be carried out? (iv) Toluene to benzyl alcohol
- Q6.19(iv): How the following conversions can be carried out? (iv) Toluene to benzyl alcohol
- Q6.19(ix): How the following conversions can be carried out? (ix) 2-Chlorobutane to 3, 4-dimethylhexane
- Q6.19(ix): How the following conversions can be carried out? (ix) 2-Chlorobutane to 3, 4-dimethylhexane
- Q6.19(v): How the following conversions can be carried out? (v) Benzene to 4-bromonitrobenzene
- Q6.19(v): How the following conversions can be carried out? (v) Benzene to 4-bromonitrobenzene
- Q6.19(vi): How the following conversions can be carried out? (vi) Benzyl alcohol to 2-phenylethanoic acid
- Q6.19(vi): How the following conversions can be carried out? (vi) Benzyl alcohol to 2-phenylethanoic acid
- Q6.19(vii): How the following conversions can be carried out? (vii) Ethanol to propanenitrile
- Q6.19(vii): How the following conversions can be carried out? (vii) Ethanol to propanenitrile
- Q6.19(viii): How the following conversions can be carried out? (viii) Aniline to chlorobenzene
- Q6.19(viii): How the following conversions can be carried out? (viii) Aniline to chlorobenzene
- Q6.19(x): How the following conversions can be carried out? (x) 2-Methyl-1-propene to 2-chloro-2-methylpropane
- Q6.19(x): How the following conversions can be carried out? (x) 2-Methyl-1-propene to 2-chloro-2-methylpropane
- Q6.19(xi): How the following conversions can be carried out? (xi) Ethyl chloride to propanoic acid
- Q6.19(xi): How the following conversions can be carried out? (xi) Ethyl chloride to propanoic acid
- Q6.19(xii): How the following conversions can be carried out? (xii) But-1-ene to n-butyliodide
- Q6.19(xii): How the following conversions can be carried out? (xii) But-1-ene to n-butyliodide
- Q6.19(xiii): How the following conversions can be carried out? (xiii) 2-Chloropropane to 1-propanol
- Q6.19(xiii): How the following conversions can be carried out? (xiii) 2-Chloropropane to 1-propanol
- Q6.19(xiv): How the following conversions can be carried out? (xiv) Isopropyl alcohol to iodoform
- Q6.19(xiv): How the following conversions can be carried out? (xiv) Isopropyl alcohol to iodoform
- Q6.19(xix): How the following conversions can be carried out? (xix) tert-Butyl bromide to isobutyl bromide
- Q6.19(xix): How the following conversions can be carried out? (xix) tert-Butyl bromide to isobutyl bromide
- Q6.19(xv): How the following conversions can be carried out? (xv) Chlorobenzene to p-nitrophenol
- Q6.19(xv): How the following conversions can be carried out? (xv) Chlorobenzene to p-nitrophenol
- Q6.19(xvi): How the following conversions can be carried out? (xvi) 2-Bromopropane to 1-bromopropane
- Q6.19(xvi): How the following conversions can be carried out? (xvi) 2-Bromopropane to 1-bromopropane
- Q6.19(xvii): How the following conversions can be carried out? (xvii) Chloroethane to butane
- Q6.19(xvii): How the following conversions can be carried out? (xvii) Chloroethane to butane
- Q6.19(xviii): How the following conversions can be carried out? (xviii) Benzene to diphenyl
- Q6.19(xviii): How the following conversions can be carried out? (xviii) Benzene to diphenyl
- Q6.19(xx): How the following conversions can be carried out? (xx) Aniline to phenylisocyanide
- Q6.19(xx): How the following conversions can be carried out? (xx) Aniline to phenylisocyanide
- Q6.2(i): Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds: (i) \(CH_{3}CH(Cl)CH(Br)CH_{3}\)
- Q6.2(i): Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds: (i) ( CH_{3}CH(Cl)CH(Br)CH_{3} )
- Q6.2(ii): Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds: (ii) \(CHF_{2}CBrClF\)
- Q6.2(ii): Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds: (ii) ( CHF_{2}CBrClF )
- Q6.2(iii): Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds: (iii) \(ClCH_{2}C\equiv CCH_{2}Br\)
- Q6.2(iii): Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds: (iii) ( ClCH_{2}C \equiv CCH_{2}Br )
- Q6.2(iv): Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds: (iv) \((CCl_{3})_{3}CCl\)
- Q6.2(iv): Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds: (iv) ( (CCl_{3})_{3}CCl )
- Q6.2(v): Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds: (v) \(CH_{3}C(p-ClC_{6}H_{4})_{2}CH(Br)CH_{3}\)
- Q6.2(v): Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds: (v) ( CH_{3}C(p-ClC_{6}H_{4})_{2}CH(Br)CH_{3} )
- Q6.2(vi): Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds: (vi) \((CH_{3})_{3}CCH=CClC_{6}H_{4}I-p\)
- Q6.2(vi): Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds: (vi) ( (CH_{3})_{3}CCH=CClC_{6}H_{4}I-p )
- Q6.20: The treatment of alkyl chlorides with aqueous KOH leads to the formation of alcohols but in the presence of alcoholic KOH, alkenes are major products. Explain.
- Q6.20: The treatment of alkyl chlorides with aqueous ( KOH ) leads to the formation of alcohols but in the presence of alcoholic ( KOH ), alkenes are major products. Explain.
- Q6.21: Primary alkyl halide \(C_{4}H_{9}Br\) (a) reacted with alcoholic KOH to give compound (b). Compound (b) is reacted with HBr to give (c) which is an isomer of (a). When (a) is reacted with sodium metal it gives compound (d), \(C_{8}H_{18}\) which is different from the compound formed when n-butyl bromide is reacted with sodium. Give the structural formula of (a) and write the equations for all the reactions.
- Q6.21: Primary alkyl halide ( C_{4}H_{9}Br ) (( a )) reacted with alcoholic ( KOH ) to give compound (( b )). Compound (( b )) is reacted with ( HBr ) to give (( c )) which is an isomer of (( a )). When (( a )) is reacted with sodium metal it gives compound (( d )), ( C_{8}H_{18} ) which is different from the compound formed when n-butyl bromide is reacted with sodium. Give the structural formula of (( a )) and write the equations for all the reactions.
- Q6.22(i): What happens when (i) n-butyl chloride is treated with alcoholic KOH,
- Q6.22(i): What happens when (i) n-butyl chloride is treated with alcoholic ( KOH ),
- Q6.22(ii): What happens when (ii) bromobenzene is treated with Mg in the presence of dry ether,
- Q6.22(ii): What happens when (ii) bromobenzene is treated with ( Mg ) in the presence of dry ether,
- Q6.22(iii): What happens when (iii) chlorobenzene is subjected to hydrolysis,
- Q6.22(iii): What happens when (iii) chlorobenzene is subjected to hydrolysis,
- Q6.22(iv): What happens when (iv) ethyl chloride is treated with aqueous KOH,
- Q6.22(iv): What happens when (iv) ethyl chloride is treated with aqueous ( KOH ),
- Q6.22(v): What happens when (v) methyl bromide is treated with sodium in the presence of dry ether,
- Q6.22(v): What happens when (v) methyl bromide is treated with sodium in the presence of dry ether,
- Q6.22(vi): What happens when (vi) methyl chloride is treated with KCN?
- Q6.22(vi): What happens when (vi) methyl chloride is treated with ( KCN )?
- Q6.3(i): Write the structures of the following organic halogen compounds. (i) 2-Chloro-3-methylpentane
- Q6.3(i): Write the structures of the following organic halogen compounds. (i) 2-Chloro-3-methylpentane
- Q6.3(ii): Write the structures of the following organic halogen compounds. (ii) p-Bromochlorobenzene
- Q6.3(ii): Write the structures of the following organic halogen compounds. (ii) p-Bromochlorobenzene
- Q6.3(iii): Write the structures of the following organic halogen compounds. (iii) 1-Chloro-4-ethylcyclohexane
- Q6.3(iii): Write the structures of the following organic halogen compounds. (iii) 1-Chloro-4-ethylcyclohexane
- Q6.3(iv): Write the structures of the following organic halogen compounds. (iv) 2-(2-Chlorophenyl)-1-iodooctane
- Q6.3(iv): Write the structures of the following organic halogen compounds. (iv) 2-(2-Chlorophenyl)-1-iodooctane
- Q6.3(v): Write the structures of the following organic halogen compounds. (v) 2-Bromobutane
- Q6.3(v): Write the structures of the following organic halogen compounds. (v) 2-Bromobutane
- Q6.3(vi): Write the structures of the following organic halogen compounds. (vi) 4-tert-Butyl-3-iodoheptane
- Q6.3(vi): Write the structures of the following organic halogen compounds. (vi) 4-tert-Butyl-3-iodoheptane
- Q6.3(vii): Write the structures of the following organic halogen compounds. (vii) 1-Bromo-4-sec-butyl-2-methylbenzene
- Q6.3(vii): Write the structures of the following organic halogen compounds. (vii) 1-Bromo-4-sec-butyl-2-methylbenzene
- Q6.3(viii): Write the structures of the following organic halogen compounds. (viii) 1,4-Dibromobut-2-ene
- Q6.3(viii): Write the structures of the following organic halogen compounds. (viii) 1,4-Dibromobut-2-ene
- Q6.4: Which one of the following has the highest dipole moment?
- Q6.4: Which one of the following has the highest dipole moment?
- Q6.5: A hydrocarbon \(C_{5}H_{10}\) does not react with chlorine in dark but gives a single monochloro compound \(C_{5}H_{9}Cl\) in bright sunlight. Identify the hydrocarbon.
- Q6.5: A hydrocarbon ( C_{5}H_{10} ) does not react with chlorine in dark but gives a single monochloro compound ( C_{5}H_{9}Cl ) in bright sunlight. Identify the hydrocarbon.
- Q6.6: Write the isomers of the compound having formula \(C_{4}H_{9}Br\).
- Q6.6: Write the isomers of the compound having formula ( C_{4}H_{9}Br ).
- Q6.7(i): Write the equations for the preparation of 1-iodobutane from (i) 1-butanol
- Q6.7(i): Write the equations for the preparation of 1-iodobutane from (i) 1-butanol
- Q6.7(ii): Write the equations for the preparation of 1-iodobutane from (ii) 1-chlorobutane
- Q6.7(ii): Write the equations for the preparation of 1-iodobutane from (ii) 1-chlorobutane
- Q6.7(iii): Write the equations for the preparation of 1-iodobutane from (iii) but-1-ene.
- Q6.7(iii): Write the equations for the preparation of 1-iodobutane from (iii) but-1-ene.
- Q6.8: What are ambident nucleophiles? Explain with an example.
- Q6.9(i): Which compound in each of the following pairs will react faster in \(S_{N}2\) reaction with \(^{-}OH\)? (i) \(CH_{3}Br\) or \(CH_{3}I\)
- Q6.9(i): Which compound in each of the following pairs will react faster in ( S_{N}2 ) reaction with ( -OH )? (i) ( CH_{3}Br ) or ( CH_{3}I )
- Q6.9(ii): Which compound in each of the following pairs will react faster in \(S_{N}2\) reaction with \(^{-}OH\)? (ii) \((CH_{3})_{3}CCl\) or \(CH_{3}Cl\)
- Q6.9(ii): Which compound in each of the following pairs will react faster in ( S_{N}2 ) reaction with ( -OH )? (ii) ( (CH_{3})_{3}CCl ) or ( CH_{3}Cl )
CBSE Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
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