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Q6.2(i):
Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds: (i) \(CH_{3}CH(Cl)CH(Br)CH_{3}\)

Solution :

Step 1: Structural Expansion and Carbon Chain Identification

The given molecular structure is $CH_{3}CH(Cl)CH(Br)CH_{3}$. To determine the IUPAC name, we first identify the longest continuous carbon chain containing the principal functional groups (halogens).

  • Structure: $C^1H_3 - C^2H(Cl) - C^3H(Br) - C^4H_3$
  • Longest Chain: 4 carbons (Butane backbone) [Per IUPAC nomenclature rules for alkanes].

Step 2: Numbering the Parent Chain

Numbering must be assigned to provide the lowest possible locants to the substituents ($Cl$ and $Br$).

  • Numbering from left to right: Substituents at positions $2$ and $3$ ($2-chloro, 3-bromo$).
  • Numbering from right to left: Substituents at positions $2$ and $3$ ($2-bromo, 3-chloro$).
  • Rule Application: According to the IUPAC rule for alphabetical priority when locant sets are identical, the substituent that comes first alphabetically must receive the lower number [Per IUPAC Rule P-14.4].
  • $Bromo$ ($B$) precedes $Chloro$ ($C$). Therefore, the numbering should start from the right side to give $Bromo$ the position $2$.

Step 3: Alphabetical Ordering and Name Synthesis

The substituents are $2-bromo$ and $3-chloro$. Combining these with the parent alkane name:

Component Value
Parent Chain Butane
Substituents 2-bromo, 3-chloro
Full IUPAC Name 2-bromo-3-chlorobutane

Step 4: Molecular Representation

CH₃ CH Cl CH Br CH₃ Structure: 2-bromo-3-chlorobutane

Final Solution: 2-bromo-3-chlorobutane


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