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Q6.1(x):
Name the following halides according to IUPAC system and classify them as alkyl, allyl, benzyl (primary, secondary, tertiary), vinyl or aryl halides: (x) ( p-ClC_{6}H_{4}CH_{2}CH(CH_{3})_{2} )

Solution :

Step 1: Structural Analysis and IUPAC Nomenclature

The chemical formula provided is $p-ClC_{6}H_{4}CH_{2}CH(CH_{3})_{2}$. To determine the IUPAC name, we first decompose the structure into its constituent parts:

  • The parent chain is defined by the longest carbon chain containing the substitution. Here, the alkyl chain is an isobutyl group: $-CH_{2}-CH(CH_{3})_{2}$.
  • The substituent attached to this alkyl chain is a chlorophenyl group. Since the chlorine is at the para position ($1,4$-substitution) relative to the alkyl group, we identify the main chain as the alkane and the benzene ring as a substituted phenyl group.
  • Numbering the alkyl chain from the point of attachment to the benzene ring: $1$-chloro-4-(2-methylpropyl)benzene. However, following IUPAC priority rules for substituted aromatics, the parent structure is the benzene ring.
  • The alkyl substituent attached to the benzene ring is a $2$-methylpropyl group. Thus, the parent name is $1$-chloro-$4$-(2-methylpropyl)benzene.

Step 2: Classification Analysis

To classify the halide, we observe the nature of the carbon atom directly bonded to the halogen ($Cl$) atom:

Feature Observation
Halogen Attachment The $Cl$ atom is directly bonded to an $sp^2$ hybridized carbon atom of the benzene ring.
Classification By definition, if a halogen is bonded directly to an aromatic ring, it is categorized as an Aryl halide.

[Per the IUPAC definition of Haloarenes, where the halogen is attached directly to the benzene ring, the compound is an aryl halide.]

Step 3: Visual Representation

Cl CH₂-CH(CH₃)₂ Aryl Halide (C-Cl bond on ring)

Step 4: Final IUPAC Synthesis

The IUPAC name is constructed by identifying the substituents alphabetically or by locant priority. Since the group attached to the benzene ring is $2$-methylpropyl:

IUPAC Name: 1-chloro-4-(2-methylpropyl)benzene

Final Solution: The compound is classified as an aryl halide, and its IUPAC name is 1-chloro-4-(2-methylpropyl)benzene.


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