default_background
✕

Find the best tutors and institutes for Class 12 Tuition

Find Best Class 12 Tuition

Please select a Category.

Please select a Locality.

No matching category found.

No matching Locality found.

Q6.19(xviii):
How the following conversions can be carried out? (xviii) Benzene to diphenyl

Solution :

Step 1: Theoretical Foundation of the Transformation

The conversion of benzene ($C_6H_6$) to diphenyl ($C_6H_5-C_6H_5$) requires the formation of a carbon-carbon bond between two phenyl rings. This is achieved via a two-stage process:
1. Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution (Halogenation): Converting benzene into a reactive aryl halide.
2. Wurtz-Fittig Reaction or Fittig Reaction: Coupling two aryl groups using a metallic catalyst. [Per the mechanism of aryl-aryl coupling].

Step 2: Step-wise Reaction Mechanism

Part A: Halogenation of Benzene

Benzene reacts with bromine in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst ($FeBr_3$ or $AlBr_3$) to yield bromobenzene. This is an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. [Per the mechanism of Halogenation of Arenes].

$C_6H_6 + Br_2 \xrightarrow{FeBr_3 / \text{dark}} C_6H_5Br + HBr$

Part B: The Fittig Reaction

To couple two molecules of bromobenzene, we utilize the Fittig reaction. In this reaction, two molecules of an aryl halide are treated with sodium metal in the presence of dry ether. [Per the mechanism of Organometallic Coupling Reactions].

$2C_6H_5Br + 2Na \xrightarrow{\text{dry ether}} C_6H_5-C_6H_5 + 2NaBr$

Step 3: Visual Representation of the Coupling

2 C₆H₅Br + 2Na Dry Ether + 2NaBr

Step 4: Summary Table of Conditions

Step Reagent Name of Reaction
1 $Br_2 / FeBr_3$ Electrophilic Substitution
2 $Na / \text{Dry Ether}$ Fittig Reaction

Final Solution: The conversion of Benzene to Diphenyl is achieved by bromination of benzene to form bromobenzene, followed by the Fittig reaction (coupling with sodium in dry ether) to yield diphenyl.


More Questions from Class 12 Chemistry Haloalkanes and Haloarenes Exercises


CBSE Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry Haloalkanes and Haloarenes


Chapters in CBSE - Class 12 Chemistry


Top Tutors who teach Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

Rakesh R Class 12 Tuition trainer in Kolkata
(30)
Top Tutor
locationImg New Town, Kolkata
experience 15 yrs of Exp students 13 students
greenClock 20 hrs of classes completed
rsIcon 130 per hour
Physics enthusiast, ex-faculty of many national level institutes for 11 and 12 and JEE/NEET
Online Classes Online Classes
regularClasses Tutor's home

I am a strong believer in concept-based gain of knowledge. I start from scratch while teaching the very basic concepts and take my students to a level where they have a deep understanding of the subject. Once they understand the concept, the next step is that practice a lot of questions/numerical/problem in the class itself as practice is the key to retain knowledge. I refer to prescribed books by CBSE/ICSE board considering board exams but always encourage students to refer additional 1 or 2 books (like H C Verma/ B M Sharma/ D C Pandey) for JEE/NEET based on their speed to practice. In last I provide them enough homework to practice at home and send me the doubts before the next class. As 12th being the boards exams, we prepare right from beginning by covering the previous year questions too and providing enough adhoc classes

Payel Saha

Rakesh Sir's Classes were truly Useful and the way he explains concepts is very Good and Is Easy to Understand so I Shall Highly Recommend anyone to Join the Sessions.

Skills: Physics
Also teaches: Class 11 Tuition

(15)
Top Tutor
locationImg Nadakkave, Kozhikode
experience 3 yrs of Exp students 7 students
greenClock 831 hrs of classes completed
rsIcon 400 per hour
Mathematics Tutor with 2 years of experience
Online Classes Online Classes

I provide online tutoring for class 12 CBSE students. It would be completely CBSE Board exam oriented following NCERT textbook and R.D Sharma for reference. Personalized doubt clearing sessions for any selected chapters or one-to-one/group class sessions for selected chapters or complete coverage of syllabus is provided according to the need of each student. All classes would be live interactive sessions. Please note I don't provide any entrance tuitions.

Skills: Mathematics
Also teaches: Class 11 Tuition

(15)
Top Tutor
locationImg Malviya Nagar, Delhi
experience 20 yrs of Exp students 4 students
greenClock 255 hrs of classes completed
rsIcon 600 per hour
International Educator (English & French), Certified Expert-Teacher (from Planet Spark & Turito)
Online Classes Online Classes

I feel myself God-blessed, having been able to guide thousands of students/learners English, as a school subject as well as a language since 1992. I'm glad to notice that these learners have not only been doing well in their respective areas but also excelling in the real-life situations. May God bless them!!

Nishtha Goel jain

My one-on-one tutoring experience in English and French was exceptional. The lessons were customized to my learning style and pace, which made a huge difference. My tutor was patient and skilled, offering clear explanations that helped me better understand grammar and improve my speaking abilities in both languages. The sessions were engaging, with interactive exercises and valuable feedback that kept me motivated. I've gained confidence in using English and French daily, and I highly recommend this personalized tutoring service!

Skills: English , French

(59)
Top Tutor
locationImg Knowledge Park I, Noida
experience 20 yrs of Exp students 91 students
greenClock 4148 hrs of classes completed
rsIcon 400 per hour
AUTHOR OF SUPER 20 SAMPLE PAPER
Online Classes Online Classes
homeTutions Student's Home
regularClasses Tutor's home

I m in teaching from 22 years and author of super20 sample paper, Examguru book and chapterwise book of accountancy for full marks pvt. Ltd. From 5 years. Currently I m principal in Dharam public school greater noida from last 2 years.

Valli

Sir explained concepts to my daughter very clearly and he is also very passionate about teaching and maintains lots of patience with students. Thank you sir.

Skills: Accounts , Accountancy

(12)
Top Tutor
locationImg Sector 134, Noida
experience 11 yrs of Exp students 4 students
greenClock 120 hrs of classes completed
rsIcon 1000 per hour
MCA with 11 years exp in Computers teaching subject.
Online Classes Online Classes
regularClasses Tutor's home

I am teaching class 12 since 2006.it is being wonderful journey, I learnt and even still learning my new amazing things. Dealing with amazing children with different levels of challenges. love to solve these challenges and keep falling in love with coding to children. They say, " You're a amazing teacher who get make logic and critical thinking level easier."

Skills: Computer Science , Information Technology and more
Also teaches: Class 11 Tuition, Class 10 Tuition and more

Other Subjects in CBSE - Class 12

Worksheet Icon

Download free CBSE - Class 12 Chemistry Haloalkanes and Haloarenes Exercises worksheets

Download Now

Find Best Class 12 Tuition ?

Find Now »