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Q8.4(v):

Write the IUPAC names of the following ketones and aldehydes. Wherever possible, give also common names.

(v) 

Solution :

1. Analysis of the Chemical Structure

The given structure is: $CH_3-CH_2-CH(CH_3)-CH_2-CHO$.

First, identify the functional group. The presence of the $-CHO$ group at the terminal position indicates this compound is an aldehyde [Per IUPAC nomenclature rules for functional groups].

2. Identifying the Principal Carbon Chain

To assign the IUPAC name, we locate the longest carbon chain containing the $-CHO$ group.

  • The chain has 5 carbon atoms in the longest path, starting from the carbon of the aldehyde group (C1).
  • The structure is:
    $C^5H_3 - C^4H_2 - C^3H(CH_3) - C^2H_2 - C^1HO$

3. Determining Substituents

At position C3, there is a methyl ($-CH_3$) group branching off the main chain [Per IUPAC priority rules for numbering: the functional group carbon receives the lowest possible locant, which is 1].

4. IUPAC Nomenclature

The parent alkane chain has 5 carbons, corresponding to "pentane". Replacing the terminal '-e' with the suffix '-al' gives "pentanal". Including the substituent locant:
IUPAC Name: 3-methylpentanal

5. Common Nomenclature

In common nomenclature, the position of the substituent relative to the aldehyde group is denoted by Greek letters ($\alpha, \beta, \gamma, \delta...$).

  • The carbon adjacent to the carbonyl carbon is the $\alpha$-carbon.
  • The carbon following it is the $\beta$-carbon.
  • Here, the methyl group is at the $\beta$-position relative to the $-CHO$ group.
Therefore, the common name is $\beta$-methylvaleraldehyde [Valeric acid is the 5-carbon carboxylic acid; the aldehyde counterpart is valeraldehyde].

6. Visual Representation

CH₃ CH₂ CH(CH₃) CH₂ CHO C1 C2 C3 C4 C5

Final Solution: The IUPAC name is 3-methylpentanal and the common name is $\beta$-methylvaleraldehyde.


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