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Q8.2(i):
Name the following compounds according to IUPAC system of nomenclature: (i) \(CH_{3}CH(CH_{3})CH_{2}CH_{2}CHO\)

Solution :

Step 1: Structural Identification and Principal Functional Group

The chemical structure provided is $CH_{3}CH(CH_{3})CH_{2}CH_{2}CHO$. We must first identify the principal functional group to determine the suffix of the IUPAC name. The presence of the $-CHO$ group signifies an aldehyde [Per IUPAC Nomenclature Rules for Carbonyl Compounds].

Step 2: Selection of the Longest Carbon Chain

The principal chain must include the carbonyl carbon atom ($C=O$) as $C-1$. We identify the longest continuous carbon chain starting from the aldehyde group:

  • $C-1$: The carbonyl carbon of the $-CHO$ group.
  • $C-2$: The adjacent $CH_{2}$ group.
  • $C-3$: The second $CH_{2}$ group.
  • $C-4$: The $CH$ group attached to a methyl substituent.
  • $C-5$: The terminal $CH_{3}$ group.

The longest parent chain consists of $5$ carbon atoms. The prefix for a $5$-carbon alkane chain is pentane. Since it is an aldehyde, the suffix changes from "-e" to "-al", resulting in pentanal [By IUPAC Rule: Alkanes - e + al = Alkanal].

Step 3: Numbering and Substituent Identification

Assigning positions to substituents: The methyl group ($-CH_{3}$) is attached to the $C-4$ atom of the principal chain. Following the rules of nomenclature, we indicate the position of the substituent before the parent name.

C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 CH₃ CHO

Step 4: Final IUPAC Assembly

Combining the components: The substituent is at position $4$ (4-methyl) and the parent chain is a $5$-carbon aldehyde (pentanal). [Per IUPAC Rule: Substituents are listed alphabetically, followed by the parent chain name].

Final Solution: 4-methylpentanal


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