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Q8.4(iv):
Write the IUPAC name of the following ketone or aldehyde. Wherever possible, give also common name. (iv) (Ph-CH=CH-CHO)

Solution :

Step 1: Structural Decomposition and Functional Group Identification

The given molecule is $\text{Ph-CH=CH-CHO}$. Let us break down the constituent components of this organic structure:

  • Aromatic Ring: The $\text{Ph-}$ group represents a Phenyl ring ($\text{C}_6\text{H}_5-$).
  • Alkenyl Chain: The presence of $\text{CH=CH}$ indicates a carbon-carbon double bond between the $\alpha$ and $\beta$ carbons relative to the carbonyl group.
  • Carbonyl Functionality: The $-\text{CHO}$ group indicates an aldehyde functional group, which must be assigned the lowest possible locant (position 1).

Step 2: IUPAC Nomenclature Derivation

To determine the IUPAC name, we follow the priority rules defined by IUPAC [Per IUPAC P-44.1, aldehyde group takes priority over alkene and phenyl substituents]:

  1. Parent Chain Selection: The longest chain containing the aldehyde carbon consists of 3 carbons ($\text{C1: CHO, C2: CH, C3: CH}$). This is a propenal derivative.
  2. Numbering: Numbering starts from the aldehyde carbon: $\text{C1}$ (carbonyl), $\text{C2}$ ($\alpha$-carbon), and $\text{C3}$ ($\beta$-carbon).
  3. Substituent Identification: A phenyl group is attached to the $\text{C3}$ position.
  4. Naming: Combining the parts, we get 3-phenylprop-2-enal.

Step 3: Common Nomenclature Derivation

The common name for this structure is derived from its association with cinnamaldehyde, which is the systemic common name for 3-phenylprop-2-enal [Per historical organic nomenclature standards].

CHO Phenyl group CH=CH

Step 4: Comparative Data Analysis

Nomenclature System Name
IUPAC Name 3-phenylprop-2-enal
Common Name Cinnamaldehyde

Final Solution: The IUPAC name is 3-phenylprop-2-enal and the common name is Cinnamaldehyde.


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