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Q8.2(iii):
Name the following compounds according to IUPAC system of nomenclature: (iii) \(CH_{3}CH=CHCHO\)

Solution :

Step 1: Structural Analysis and Functional Group Identification

The given molecular structure is $CH_{3}-CH=CH-CHO$. To identify the IUPAC name, we must perform the following analysis:

  • Principal Functional Group: The molecule contains an aldehyde group ($-CHO$). Per IUPAC nomenclature rules, the aldehyde carbon must be assigned the lowest possible locant, specifically $C-1$. [Per IUPAC Blue Book P-66.1.1.1.1]
  • Carbon Chain Length: Counting the carbons starting from the aldehyde group:
    • $C-1$: $-CHO$ (Aldehyde carbon)
    • $C-2$: $-CH=$
    • $C-3$: $=CH-$
    • $C-4$: $-CH_{3}$
  • Parent Alkane: The longest chain consists of 4 carbon atoms, corresponding to the alkane "butane".
  • Unsaturation: There is a carbon-carbon double bond between $C-2$ and $C-3$.

Step 2: IUPAC Nomenclature Derivation

We assemble the name based on the identified components:

Component Description
Parent Chain But-
Unsaturation The double bond starts at $C-2$, therefore: "-2-en-"
Suffix Aldehyde functional group suffix: "-al"

Step 3: Constructing the Final IUPAC Name

By combining the components, we get but-2-enal. [Per IUPAC rule P-44.4.1: The principal functional group suffix must be added to the unsaturated parent chain name].

Visual Representation of the Molecule

CH₃ H H CHO O

Final Solution: The IUPAC name of $CH_{3}CH=CHCHO$ is But-2-enal.


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