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Q8.18(iii):
Give plausible explanation for the following:
(iii) During the preparation of esters from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst, the water or the ester should be removed as soon as it is formed.
Solution :
1. The Reversible Chemical Equilibrium
The esterification reaction, also known as the Fischer-Speier esterification, involves the reaction between a carboxylic acid ($RCOOH$) and an alcohol ($R'OH$) in the presence of a mineral acid catalyst (such as conc. $H_2SO_4$ or $HCl$). The general chemical equation is as follows:
$RCOOH + R'OH \xrightleftharpoons[H^+]{} RCOOR' + H_2O$
[Per the Law of Mass Action and the Principle of Chemical Equilibrium, this reaction is inherently reversible and exists in a dynamic equilibrium state.]
2. Application of Le Chatelier’s Principle
Le Chatelier's Principle states that if a dynamic equilibrium is disturbed by changing the conditions (such as concentration, pressure, or temperature), the position of the equilibrium shifts to counteract the change to re-establish a new equilibrium state.
- Equilibrium Constant ($K_c$): For this reaction, the expression is $K_c = \frac{[RCOOR'][H_2O]}{[RCOOH][R'OH]}$.
- Impact of Product Removal: By continuously removing the water ($H_2O$) or the ester ($RCOOR'$) from the reaction mixture as soon as they are formed, the concentration of the products in the numerator decreases.
- Systematic Response: To maintain the value of $K_c$, the reaction quotient ($Q$) drops below $K_c$. Consequently, the system shifts the equilibrium position toward the right (the forward direction) to produce more products.
3. Visualizing the Equilibrium Shift
4. Practical Justification
In a closed system, the reaction would eventually reach a state where the rate of the forward reaction (esterification) equals the rate of the backward reaction (hydrolysis of the ester). By utilizing techniques such as the Dean-Stark apparatus to remove water via azeotropic distillation or utilizing fractional distillation to remove the ester, the system is prevented from reaching its final equilibrium state. This ensures that the yield of the ester approaches 100% conversion, overcoming the limitations imposed by the equilibrium constant.
Final Solution: The preparation of an ester is a reversible equilibrium reaction. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, the continuous removal of products (water or ester) decreases their concentration in the reaction mixture, forcing the system to shift the equilibrium in the forward direction to compensate for the loss, thereby maximizing the yield of the ester.
More Questions from Class 12 Chemistry Aldehydes Exercises
- Q8.1(i): What is meant by the following terms ? Give an example of the reaction in each case. (i) Cyanohydrin
- Q8.1(i): What is meant by the following term? Give an example of the reaction. (i) Cyanohydrin
- Q8.1(ii): What is meant by the following terms ? Give an example of the reaction in each case. (ii) Acetal
- Q8.1(ii): What is meant by the following term? Give an example of the reaction. (ii) Acetal
- Q8.1(iii): What is meant by the following terms ? Give an example of the reaction in each case. (iii) Semicarbazone
- Q8.1(iii): What is meant by the following term? Give an example of the reaction. (iii) Semicarbazone
- Q8.1(iv): What is meant by the following terms ? Give an example of the reaction in each case. (iv) Aldol
- Q8.1(iv): What is meant by the following term? Give an example of the reaction. (iv) Aldol
- Q8.1(ix): What is meant by the following terms ? Give an example of the reaction in each case. (ix) 2,4-DNP-derivative
- Q8.1(ix): What is meant by the following term? Give an example of the reaction. (ix) 2,4-DNP-derivative
- Q8.1(v): What is meant by the following terms ? Give an example of the reaction in each case. (v) Hemiacetal
- Q8.1(v): What is meant by the following term? Give an example of the reaction. (v) Hemiacetal
- Q8.1(vi): What is meant by the following terms ? Give an example of the reaction in each case. (vi) Oxime
- Q8.1(vi): What is meant by the following term? Give an example of the reaction. (vi) Oxime
- Q8.1(vii): What is meant by the following terms ? Give an example of the reaction in each case. (vii) Ketal
- Q8.1(vii): What is meant by the following term? Give an example of the reaction. (vii) Ketal
- Q8.1(viii): What is meant by the following terms ? Give an example of the reaction in each case. (viii) Imine
- Q8.1(viii): What is meant by the following term? Give an example of the reaction. (viii) Imine
- Q8.1(x): What is meant by the following terms ? Give an example of the reaction in each case. (x) Schiff’s base
- Q8.1(x): What is meant by the following term? Give an example of the reaction. (x) Schiff’s base
- Q8.10: An organic compound with the molecular formula \(C_{9}H_{10}O\) forms 2,4-DNP derivative, reduces Tollens’ reagent and undergoes Cannizzaro reaction. On vigorous oxidation, it gives 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid. Identify the compound.
- Q8.10: An organic compound with the molecular formula (C_{9}H_{10}O) forms 2,4-DNP derivative, reduces Tollens’ reagent and undergoes Cannizzaro reaction. On vigorous oxidation, it gives 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid. Identify the compound.
- Q8.11: An organic compound (A) (molecular formula \(C_{8}H_{16}O_{2}\)) was hydrolysed with dilute sulphuric acid to give a carboxylic acid (B) and an alcohol (C). Oxidation of (C) with chromic acid produced (B). (C) on dehydration gives but-1-ene. Write equations for the reactions involved.
- Q8.11: An organic compound (A) (molecular formula (C_{8}H_{16}O_{2})) was hydrolysed with dilute sulphuric acid to give a carboxylic acid (B) and an alcohol (C). Oxidation of (C) with chromic acid produced (B). (C) on dehydration gives but-1-ene. Write equations for the reactions involved.
- Q8.12(i): Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their property as indicated: (i) Acetaldehyde, Acetone, Di-tert-butyl ketone, Methyl tert-butyl ketone (reactivity towards HCN)
- Q8.12(i): Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their property as indicated: (i) Acetaldehyde, Acetone, Di-tert-butyl ketone, Methyl tert-butyl ketone (reactivity towards HCN)
- Q8.12(ii): Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their property as indicated: (ii) \(CH_{3}CH_{2}CH(Br)COOH\), \(CH_{3}CH(Br)CH_{2}COOH\), \((CH_{3})_{2}CHCOOH\), \(CH_{3}CH_{2}CH_{2}COOH\) (acid strength)
- Q8.12(ii): Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their property as indicated: (ii) (CH_{3}CH_{2}CH(Br)COOH), (CH_{3}CH(Br)CH_{2}COOH), ((CH_{3})_{2}CHCOOH), (CH_{3}CH_{2}CH_{2}COOH) (acid strength)
- Q8.12(iii): Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their property as indicated: (iii) Benzoic acid, 4-Nitrobenzoic acid, 3,4-Dinitrobenzoic acid, 4-Methoxybenzoic acid (acid strength)
- Q8.12(iii): Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their property as indicated: (iii) Benzoic acid, 4-Nitrobenzoic acid, 3,4-Dinitrobenzoic acid, 4-Methoxybenzoic acid (acid strength)
- Q8.13(i): Give simple chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds. (i) Propanal and Propanone
- Q8.13(i): Give simple chemical tests to distinguish between the following pair of compounds. (i) Propanal and Propanone
- Q8.13(ii): Give simple chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds. (ii) Acetophenone and Benzophenone
- Q8.13(ii): Give simple chemical tests to distinguish between the following pair of compounds. (ii) Acetophenone and Benzophenone
- Q8.13(iii): Give simple chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds. (iii) Phenol and Benzoic acid
- Q8.13(iii): Give simple chemical tests to distinguish between the following pair of compounds. (iii) Phenol and Benzoic acid
- Q8.13(iv): Give simple chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds. (iv) Benzoic acid and Ethyl benzoate
- Q8.13(iv): Give simple chemical tests to distinguish between the following pair of compounds. (iv) Benzoic acid and Ethyl benzoate
- Q8.13(v): Give simple chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds. (v) Pentan-2-one and Pentan-3-one
- Q8.13(v): Give simple chemical tests to distinguish between the following pair of compounds. (v) Pentan-2-one and Pentan-3-one
- Q8.13(vi): Give simple chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds. (vi) Benzaldehyde and Acetophenone
- Q8.13(vi): Give simple chemical tests to distinguish between the following pair of compounds. (vi) Benzaldehyde and Acetophenone
- Q8.13(vii): Give simple chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds. (vii) Ethanal and Propanal
- Q8.13(vii): Give simple chemical tests to distinguish between the following pair of compounds. (vii) Ethanal and Propanal
- Q8.14(i): How will you prepare the following compounds from benzene? You may use any inorganic reagent and any organic reagent having not more than one carbon atom (i) Methyl benzoate
- Q8.14(i): How will you prepare the following compound from benzene? You may use any inorganic reagent and any organic reagent having not more than one carbon atom (i) Methyl benzoate
- Q8.14(ii): How will you prepare the following compounds from benzene? You may use any inorganic reagent and any organic reagent having not more than one carbon atom (ii) m-Nitrobenzoic acid
- Q8.14(ii): How will you prepare the following compound from benzene? You may use any inorganic reagent and any organic reagent having not more than one carbon atom (ii) m-Nitrobenzoic acid
- Q8.14(iii): How will you prepare the following compounds from benzene? You may use any inorganic reagent and any organic reagent having not more than one carbon atom (iii) p-Nitrobenzoic acid
- Q8.14(iii): How will you prepare the following compound from benzene? You may use any inorganic reagent and any organic reagent having not more than one carbon atom (iii) p-Nitrobenzoic acid
- Q8.14(iv): How will you prepare the following compounds from benzene? You may use any inorganic reagent and any organic reagent having not more than one carbon atom (iv) Phenylacetic acid
- Q8.14(iv): How will you prepare the following compound from benzene? You may use any inorganic reagent and any organic reagent having not more than one carbon atom (iv) Phenylacetic acid
- Q8.14(v): How will you prepare the following compounds from benzene? You may use any inorganic reagent and any organic reagent having not more than one carbon atom (v) p-Nitrobenzaldehyde.
- Q8.14(v): How will you prepare the following compound from benzene? You may use any inorganic reagent and any organic reagent having not more than one carbon atom (v) p-Nitrobenzaldehyde.
- Q8.15(i): How will you bring about the following conversions in not more than two steps? (i) Propanone to Propene
- Q8.15(i): How will you bring about the following conversion in not more than two steps? (i) Propanone to Propene
- Q8.15(ii): How will you bring about the following conversions in not more than two steps? (ii) Benzoic acid to Benzaldehyde
- Q8.15(ii): How will you bring about the following conversion in not more than two steps? (ii) Benzoic acid to Benzaldehyde
- Q8.15(iii): How will you bring about the following conversions in not more than two steps? (iii) Ethanol to 3-Hydroxybutanal
- Q8.15(iii): How will you bring about the following conversion in not more than two steps? (iii) Ethanol to 3-Hydroxybutanal
- Q8.15(iv): How will you bring about the following conversions in not more than two steps? (iv) Benzene to m-Nitroacetophenone
- Q8.15(iv): How will you bring about the following conversion in not more than two steps? (iv) Benzene to m-Nitroacetophenone
- Q8.15(ix): How will you bring about the following conversions in not more than two steps? (ix) Benzoic acid to \(m\)- Nitrobenzyl alcohol
- Q8.15(ix): How will you bring about the following conversion in not more than two steps? (ix) Benzoic acid to m-Nitrobenzyl alcohol
- Q8.15(v): How will you bring about the following conversions in not more than two steps? (v) Benzaldehyde to Benzophenone
- Q8.15(v): How will you bring about the following conversion in not more than two steps? (v) Benzaldehyde to Benzophenone
- Q8.15(vi): How will you bring about the following conversions in not more than two steps? (vi) Bromobenzene to 1-Phenylethanol
- Q8.15(vi): How will you bring about the following conversion in not more than two steps? (vi) Bromobenzene to 1-Phenylethanol
- Q8.15(vii): How will you bring about the following conversions in not more than two steps? (vii) Benzaldehyde to 3-Phenylpropan-1-ol
- Q8.15(vii): How will you bring about the following conversion in not more than two steps? (vii) Benzaldehyde to 3-Phenylpropan-1-ol
- Q8.15(viii): How will you bring about the following conversions in not more than two steps? (viii) Benzaldehyde to \(\alpha\)-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid
- Q8.15(viii): How will you bring about the following conversion in not more than two steps? (viii) Benzaldehyde to (\alpha)-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid
- Q8.16(i): Describe the following: (i) Acetylation
- Q8.16(i): Describe the following: (i) Acetylation
- Q8.16(ii): Describe the following: (ii) Cannizzaro reaction
- Q8.16(ii): Describe the following: (ii) Cannizzaro reaction
- Q8.16(iii): Describe the following: (iii) Cross aldol condensation
- Q8.16(iii): Describe the following: (iii) Cross aldol condensation
- Q8.16(iv): Describe the following: (iv) Decarboxylation
- Q8.16(iv): Describe the following: (iv) Decarboxylation
- Q8.17: Complete each synthesis by giving missing starting material, reagent or products
- Q8.17(i): Complete each synthesis by giving missing starting material, reagent or products.
- Q8.17(ii): Complete each synthesis by giving missing starting material, reagent or products.
- Q8.17(iii): Complete each synthesis by giving missing starting material, reagent or products.
- Q8.17(iv): Complete each synthesis by giving missing starting material, reagent or products.
- Q8.17(ix): Complete each synthesis by giving missing starting material, reagent or products.
- Q8.17(v): Complete each synthesis by giving missing starting material, reagent or products.
- Q8.17(vi): Complete each synthesis by giving missing starting material, reagent or products.
- Q8.17(vii): Complete each synthesis by giving missing starting material, reagent or products.
- Q8.17(viii): Complete each synthesis by giving missing starting material, reagent or products.
- Q8.17(x): Complete each synthesis by giving missing starting material, reagent or products.
- Q8.17(xi): Complete each synthesis by giving missing starting material, reagent or products.
- Q8.18(i): Give plausible explanation for each of the following: (i) Cyclohexanone forms cyanohydrin in good yield but 2,2,6-trimethylcyclo-hexanone does not.
- Q8.18(i): Give plausible explanation for the following: (i) Cyclohexanone forms cyanohydrin in good yield but 2,2,6-trimethylcyclo-hexanone does not.
- Q8.18(ii): Give plausible explanation for each of the following: (ii) There are two \(-NH_{2}\) groups in semicarbazide. However, only one is involved in the formation of semicarbazones.
- Q8.18(ii): Give plausible explanation for the following: (ii) There are two (–NH_{2}) groups in semicarbazide. However, only one is involved in the formation of semicarbazones.
- Q8.18(iii): Give plausible explanation for each of the following: (iii) During the preparation of esters from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst, the water or the ester should be removed as soon as it is formed.
- Q8.19: An organic compound contains 69.77% carbon, 11.63% hydrogen and rest oxygen. The molecular mass of the compound is 86. It does not reduce Tollens’ reagent but forms an addition compound with sodium hydrogensulphite and give positive iodoform test. On vigorous oxidation it gives ethanoic and propanoic acid. Write the possible structure of the compound.
- Q8.19: An organic compound contains 69.77% carbon, 11.63% hydrogen and rest oxygen. The molecular mass of the compound is 86. It does not reduce Tollens’ reagent but forms an addition compound with sodium hydrogensulphite and give positive iodoform test. On vigorous oxidation it gives ethanoic and propanoic acid. Write the possible structure of the compound.
- Q8.2(i): Name the following compounds according to IUPAC system of nomenclature: (i) \(CH_{3}CH(CH_{3})CH_{2}CH_{2}CHO\)
- Q8.2(i): Name the following compound according to IUPAC system of nomenclature: (i) (CH_{3}CH(CH_{3})CH_{2}CH_{2}CHO)
- Q8.2(ii): Name the following compounds according to IUPAC system of nomenclature: (ii) \(CH_{3}CH_{2}COCH(C_{2}H_{5})CH_{2}CH_{2}Cl\)
- Q8.2(ii): Name the following compound according to IUPAC system of nomenclature: (ii) (CH_{3}CH_{2}COCH(C_{2}H_{5})CH_{2}CH_{2}Cl)
- Q8.2(iii): Name the following compounds according to IUPAC system of nomenclature: (iii) \(CH_{3}CH=CHCHO\)
- Q8.2(iii): Name the following compound according to IUPAC system of nomenclature: (iii) (CH_{3}CH=CHCHO)
- Q8.2(iv): Name the following compounds according to IUPAC system of nomenclature: (iv) \(CH_{3}COCH_{2}COCH_{3}\)
- Q8.2(iv): Name the following compound according to IUPAC system of nomenclature: (iv) (CH_{3}COCH_{2}COCH_{3})
- Q8.2(v): Name the following compounds according to IUPAC system of nomenclature: (v) \(CH_{3}CH(CH_{3})CH_{2}C(CH_{3})_{2}COCH_{3}\)
- Q8.2(v): Name the following compound according to IUPAC system of nomenclature: (v) (CH_{3}CH(CH_{3})CH_{2}C(CH_{3})_{2}COCH_{3})
- Q8.2(vi): Name the following compounds according to IUPAC system of nomenclature: (vi) \((CH_{3})_{3}CCH_{2}COOH\)
- Q8.2(vi): Name the following compound according to IUPAC system of nomenclature: (vi) ((CH_{3})_{3}CCH_{2}COOH)
- Q8.2(vii): Name the following compounds according to IUPAC system of nomenclature: (vii) \(OHCC_{6}H_{4}CHO-p\)
- Q8.2(vii): Name the following compound according to IUPAC system of nomenclature: (vii) (OHCC_{6}H_{4}CHO-p)
- Q8.20: Although phenoxide ion has more number of resonating structures than carboxylate ion, carboxylic acid is a stronger acid than phenol. Why?
- Q8.20: Although phenoxide ion has more number of resonating structures than carboxylate ion, carboxylic acid is a stronger acid than phenol. Why?
- Q8.3(i): Draw the structures of the following compounds. (i) 3-Methylbutanal
- Q8.3(i): Draw the structure of the following compound. (i) 3-Methylbutanal
- Q8.3(ii): Draw the structures of the following compounds. (ii) p-Nitropropiophenone
- Q8.3(ii): Draw the structure of the following compound. (ii) p-Nitropropiophenone
- Q8.3(iii): Draw the structures of the following compounds. (iii) p-Methylbenzaldehyde
- Q8.3(iii): Draw the structure of the following compound. (iii) p-Methylbenzaldehyde
- Q8.3(iv): Draw the structures of the following compounds. (iv) 4-Methylpent-3-en-2-one
- Q8.3(iv): Draw the structure of the following compound. (iv) 4-Methylpent-3-en-2-one
- Q8.3(v): Draw the structures of the following compounds. (v) 4-Chloropentan-2-one
- Q8.3(v): Draw the structure of the following compound. (v) 4-Chloropentan-2-one
- Q8.3(vi): Draw the structures of the following compounds. (vi) 3-Bromo-4-phenylpentanoic acid
- Q8.3(vi): Draw the structure of the following compound. (vi) 3-Bromo-4-phenylpentanoic acid
- Q8.3(vii): Draw the structures of the following compounds. (vii) p,p’-Dihydroxybenzophenone
- Q8.3(vii): Draw the structure of the following compound. (vii) p,p’-Dihydroxybenzophenone
- Q8.3(viii): Draw the structures of the following compounds. (viii) Hex-2-en-4-ynoic acid
- Q8.3(viii): Draw the structure of the following compound. (viii) Hex-2-en-4-ynoic acid
- Q8.4(i): Write the IUPAC names of the following ketones and aldehydes. Wherever possible, give also common names. (i) \(CH_{3}CO(CH_{2})_{4}CH_{3}\)
- Q8.4(i): Write the IUPAC name of the following ketone or aldehyde. Wherever possible, give also common name. (i) (CH_{3}CO(CH_{2})_{4}CH_{3})
- Q8.4(ii): Write the IUPAC names of the following ketones and aldehydes. Wherever possible, give also common names. (ii) \(CH_{3}CH_{2}CHBrCH_{2}CH(CH_{3})CHO\)
- Q8.4(ii): Write the IUPAC name of the following ketone or aldehyde. Wherever possible, give also common name. (ii) (CH_{3}CH_{2}CHBrCH_{2}CH(CH_{3})CHO)
- Q8.4(iii): Write the IUPAC names of the following ketones and aldehydes. Wherever possible, give also common names. (iii) \(CH_{3}(CH_{2})_{5}CHO\)
- Q8.4(iii): Write the IUPAC name of the following ketone or aldehyde. Wherever possible, give also common name. (iii) (CH_{3}(CH_{2})_{5}CHO)
- Q8.4(iv): Write the IUPAC names of the following ketones and aldehydes. Wherever possible, give also common names. (iv) \(Ph-CH=CH-CHO\)
- Q8.4(iv): Write the IUPAC name of the following ketone or aldehyde. Wherever possible, give also common name. (iv) (Ph-CH=CH-CHO)
- Q8.4(v): Write the IUPAC names of the following ketones and aldehydes. Wherever possible, give also common names. (v)
- Q8.4(v): Write the IUPAC name of the following ketone or aldehyde. Wherever possible, give also common name. (v)
- Q8.4(vi): Write the IUPAC names of the following ketones and aldehydes. Wherever possible, give also common names. (vi) \(PhCOPh\)
- Q8.4(vi): Write the IUPAC name of the following ketone or aldehyde. Wherever possible, give also common name. (vi) (PhCOPh)
- Q8.5(i): Draw structures of the following derivatives. (i) The 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone of benzaldehyde
- Q8.5(i): Draw structures of the following derivative. (i) The 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone of benzaldehyde
- Q8.5(ii): Draw structures of the following derivatives. (ii) Cyclopropanone oxime
- Q8.5(ii): Draw structures of the following derivative. (ii) Cyclopropanone oxime
- Q8.5(iii): Draw structures of the following derivatives. (iii) Acetaldehydedimethylacetal
- Q8.5(iii): Draw structures of the following derivative. (iii) Acetaldehydedimethylacetal
- Q8.5(iv): Draw structures of the following derivatives. (iv) The semicarbazone of cyclobutanone
- Q8.5(iv): Draw structures of the following derivative. (iv) The semicarbazone of cyclobutanone
- Q8.5(v): Draw structures of the following derivatives. (v) The ethylene ketal of hexan-3-one
- Q8.5(v): Draw structures of the following derivative. (v) The ethylene ketal of hexan-3-one
- Q8.5(vi): Draw structures of the following derivatives. (vi) The methyl hemiacetal of formaldehyde
- Q8.5(vi): Draw structures of the following derivative. (vi) The methyl hemiacetal of formaldehyde
- Q8.6(i): Predict the products formed when cyclohexanecarbaldehyde reacts with following reagents. (i) \(PhMgBr\) and then \(H_{3}O^{+}\)
- Q8.6(i): Predict the products formed when cyclohexanecarbaldehyde reacts with following reagent. (i) (PhMgBr) and then (H_{3}O^{+})
- Q8.6(ii): Predict the products formed when cyclohexanecarbaldehyde reacts with following reagents. (ii) Tollens’ reagent
- Q8.6(ii): Predict the products formed when cyclohexanecarbaldehyde reacts with following reagent. (ii) Tollens’ reagent
- Q8.6(iii): Predict the products formed when cyclohexanecarbaldehyde reacts with following reagents. (iii) Semicarbazide and weak acid
- Q8.6(iii): Predict the products formed when cyclohexanecarbaldehyde reacts with following reagent. (iii) Semicarbazide and weak acid
- Q8.6(iv): Predict the products formed when cyclohexanecarbaldehyde reacts with following reagents. (iv) Excess ethanol and acid
- Q8.6(iv): Predict the products formed when cyclohexanecarbaldehyde reacts with following reagent. (iv) Excess ethanol and acid
- Q8.6(v): Predict the products formed when cyclohexanecarbaldehyde reacts with following reagents. (v) Zinc amalgam and dilute hydrochloric acid
- Q8.6(v): Predict the products formed when cyclohexanecarbaldehyde reacts with following reagent. (v) Zinc amalgam and dilute hydrochloric acid
- Q8.7(i): Which of the following compounds would undergo aldol condensation, which the Cannizzaro reaction and which neither? Write the structures of the expected products of aldol condensation and Cannizzaro reaction. (i) Methanal
- Q8.7(i): Which of the following compounds would undergo aldol condensation, which the Cannizzaro reaction and which neither? Write the structures of the expected products of aldol condensation and Cannizzaro reaction. (i) Methanal
- Q8.7(ii): Which of the following compounds would undergo aldol condensation, which the Cannizzaro reaction and which neither? Write the structures of the expected products of aldol condensation and Cannizzaro reaction. (ii) 2-Methylpentanal
- Q8.7(ii): Which of the following compounds would undergo aldol condensation, which the Cannizzaro reaction and which neither? Write the structures of the expected products of aldol condensation and Cannizzaro reaction. (ii) 2-Methylpentanal
- Q8.7(iii): Which of the following compounds would undergo aldol condensation, which the Cannizzaro reaction and which neither? Write the structures of the expected products of aldol condensation and Cannizzaro reaction. (iii) Benzaldehyde
- Q8.7(iii): Which of the following compounds would undergo aldol condensation, which the Cannizzaro reaction and which neither? Write the structures of the expected products of aldol condensation and Cannizzaro reaction. (iii) Benzaldehyde
- Q8.7(iv): Which of the following compounds would undergo aldol condensation, which the Cannizzaro reaction and which neither? Write the structures of the expected products of aldol condensation and Cannizzaro reaction. (iv) Benzophenone
- Q8.7(iv): Which of the following compounds would undergo aldol condensation, which the Cannizzaro reaction and which neither? Write the structures of the expected products of aldol condensation and Cannizzaro reaction. (iv) Benzophenone
- Q8.7(ix): Which of the following compounds would undergo aldol condensation, which the Cannizzaro reaction and which neither? Write the structures of the expected products of aldol condensation and Cannizzaro reaction. (ix) 2,2-Dimethylbutanal
- Q8.7(ix): Which of the following compounds would undergo aldol condensation, which the Cannizzaro reaction and which neither? Write the structures of the expected products of aldol condensation and Cannizzaro reaction. (ix) 2,2-Dimethylbutanal
- Q8.7(v): Which of the following compounds would undergo aldol condensation, which the Cannizzaro reaction and which neither? Write the structures of the expected products of aldol condensation and Cannizzaro reaction. (v) Cyclohexanone
- Q8.7(v): Which of the following compounds would undergo aldol condensation, which the Cannizzaro reaction and which neither? Write the structures of the expected products of aldol condensation and Cannizzaro reaction. (v) Cyclohexanone
- Q8.7(vi): Which of the following compounds would undergo aldol condensation, which the Cannizzaro reaction and which neither? Write the structures of the expected products of aldol condensation and Cannizzaro reaction. (vi) 1-Phenylpropanone
- Q8.7(vi): Which of the following compounds would undergo aldol condensation, which the Cannizzaro reaction and which neither? Write the structures of the expected products of aldol condensation and Cannizzaro reaction. (vi) 1-Phenylpropanone
- Q8.7(vii): Which of the following compounds would undergo aldol condensation, which the Cannizzaro reaction and which neither? Write the structures of the expected products of aldol condensation and Cannizzaro reaction. (vii) Phenylacetaldehyde
- Q8.7(vii): Which of the following compounds would undergo aldol condensation, which the Cannizzaro reaction and which neither? Write the structures of the expected products of aldol condensation and Cannizzaro reaction. (vii) Phenylacetaldehyde
- Q8.7(viii): Which of the following compounds would undergo aldol condensation, which the Cannizzaro reaction and which neither? Write the structures of the expected products of aldol condensation and Cannizzaro reaction. (viii) Butan-1-ol
- Q8.7(viii): Which of the following compounds would undergo aldol condensation, which the Cannizzaro reaction and which neither? Write the structures of the expected products of aldol condensation and Cannizzaro reaction. (viii) Butan-1-ol
- Q8.8(i): How will you convert ethanal into the following compounds? (i) Butane-1,3-diol
- Q8.8(i): How will you convert ethanal into the following compound? (i) Butane-1,3-diol
- Q8.8(ii): How will you convert ethanal into the following compounds? (ii) But-2-enal
- Q8.8(ii): How will you convert ethanal into the following compound? (ii) But-2-enal
- Q8.8(iii): How will you convert ethanal into the following compounds? (iii) But-2-enoic acid
- Q8.8(iii): How will you convert ethanal into the following compound? (iii) But-2-enoic acid
- Q8.9: Write structural formulas and names of four possible aldol condensation products from propanal and butanal. In each case, indicate which aldehyde acts as nucleophile and which as electrophile.
- Q8.9: Write structural formulas and names of four possible aldol condensation products from propanal and butanal. In each case, indicate which aldehyde acts as nucleophile and which as electrophile.
CBSE Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry Aldehydes
Chapters in CBSE - Class 12 Chemistry
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