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Q8.3(v):
Draw the structure of the following compound. (v) 4-Chloropentan-2-one

Solution :

Step 1: Analyzing the IUPAC Name

To construct the structure of 4-Chloropentan-2-one, we decompose the IUPAC name based on the rules defined by IUPAC nomenclature protocols [Per IUPAC Gold Book standards]:

  • Parent Chain (Root): "Pent" signifies a chain of 5 carbon atoms in the longest continuous backbone.
  • Principal Functional Group (Suffix): "-one" signifies a ketone group ($C=O$), located at the second carbon position ($C-2$).
  • Substituent: "4-Chloro" signifies a chlorine atom ($Cl$) attached to the fourth carbon atom ($C-4$).

Step 2: Carbon Skeleton Construction

First, we draw the backbone of five carbon atoms and assign numbering from left to right (or right to left, consistent with IUPAC priority rules):

$C_1 - C_2 - C_3 - C_4 - C_5$

Step 3: Placing Functional Groups and Substituents

  1. Place the ketone group ($=O$) on $C_2$.
  2. Place the chlorine atom ($Cl$) on $C_4$.
  3. Saturate the remaining valencies of the carbon atoms with hydrogen atoms ($H$) to ensure each carbon forms four covalent bonds [Per Tetravalency of Carbon].
Position Group/Atom Attached Hydrogen Count
$C_1$$-CH_3$3
$C_2$$=O$0
$C_3$$-CH_2-$2
$C_4$$-CHCl-$1
$C_5$$-CH_3$3

Step 4: Structural Representation (SVG)

CH3 C=O CH2 CHCl CH3 O Cl

Step 5: Final Condensed Structural Formula

Combining the segments into a standard linear structural representation:

$CH_3 - CO - CH_2 - CHCl - CH_3$

Final Solution: The structure of 4-chloropentan-2-one is represented by the formula $CH_3C(=O)CH_2CH(Cl)CH_3$.


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