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Q8.3(i):
Draw the structures of the following compounds. (i) 3-Methylbutanal

Solution :

Step 1: Analyzing the IUPAC Name

To determine the structure of 3-methylbutanal, we decompose the IUPAC name into its constituent parts [Per IUPAC nomenclature rules for aliphatic aldehydes]:

  • Parent Chain (but-): The prefix indicates a longest continuous carbon chain containing the principal functional group, consisting of 4 carbon atoms.
  • Principal Functional Group (-al): The suffix indicates the presence of an aldehyde group ($-CHO$), which must be assigned carbon position 1.
  • Substituent (3-methyl-): The prefix indicates a methyl group ($-CH_3$) attached to the third carbon of the principal chain.

Step 2: Constructing the Carbon Skeleton

We establish the chain by numbering carbon atoms from 1 to 4 starting from the aldehyde carbon:

Position 1 2 3 4
Group $CHO$ $CH_2$ $CH$ $CH_3$

The substituent $-CH_3$ is located at carbon position 3. Therefore, the structure is $CH_3-CH(CH_3)-CH_2-CHO$.

Step 3: Structural Representation

C1 C2 C3 C4 CHO CH₂ CH CH₃ CH₃

Step 4: Full Expanded Structure

To verify valence electrons and hybridization [Per Lewis structure bonding requirements]:

$CH_3-CH(CH_3)-CH_2-CHO$ can be expanded as follows:
$CH_3$
$| $
$CH_3 - CH - CH_2 - C = O$
$\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad |$
$\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\ H$

Final Solution: The structure of 3-methylbutanal is $CH_3-CH(CH_3)-CH_2-CHO$.


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