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Q8.4(iii):
Write the IUPAC names of the following ketones and aldehydes. Wherever possible, give also common names. (iii) \(CH_{3}(CH_{2})_{5}CHO\)

Solution :

Step 1: Structural Analysis and Identification of Functional Group

The given molecular structure is $CH_{3}(CH_{2})_{5}CHO$. By expanding the condensed formula, we obtain:

$CH_{3}-CH_{2}-CH_{2}-CH_{2}-CH_{2}-CH_{2}-CHO$

  • Functional Group: The $-CHO$ group signifies an aldehyde [Per IUPAC Nomenclature rules for carbonyl-containing compounds].
  • Carbon Chain Length: The chain consists of one carbon atom from the aldehyde group plus five carbons from the methylene ($CH_{2}$) units and one terminal methyl ($CH_{3}$) carbon.
  • Total Carbon Count ($n$): $1 + 5 + 1 = 7$ carbon atoms.

Step 2: Determination of the IUPAC Name

According to the IUPAC rules for aldehydes:

  1. The parent alkane corresponding to 7 carbon atoms is heptane.
  2. For aldehydes, the suffix "-e" in the alkane name is replaced by "-al".
  3. Thus, $heptane - e + al = heptanal$.

[By IUPAC Rule: Longest chain containing the functional group is selected as the parent alkane].

Step 3: Determination of the Common Name

Common names for aldehydes are derived from the Latin or Greek names of the corresponding carboxylic acids to which they can be oxidized. A 7-carbon carboxylic acid is known as enanthic acid.

  • The common name for the aldehyde corresponding to enanthic acid is enanthaldehyde or heptaldehyde.

Step 4: Molecular Visualization

CH₃ CH₂ CH₂ CH₂ CH₂ CH₂ CHO

Summary of Nomenclature

System Designation
IUPAC Name Heptanal
Common Name Enanthaldehyde (or Heptaldehyde)

Final Solution: The IUPAC name is heptanal, and the common name is enanthaldehyde.


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