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Q8.2(vi):
Name the following compound according to IUPAC system of nomenclature: (vi) ((CH_{3})_{3}CCH_{2}COOH)

Solution :

Step 1: Structural Expansion and Identification of Functional Group

The given compound is $(CH_3)_3CCH_2COOH$. Expanding the structural formula to identify the connectivity:

  • The carboxylic acid group $-COOH$ is the principal functional group.
  • The carbon of the $-COOH$ group is designated as $C_1$.
  • The adjacent carbon attached to the carboxyl group is $C_2$ (the $\alpha$-carbon).
  • The $C_3$ carbon is bonded to three methyl ($-CH_3$) groups.

Step 2: Selection of the Longest Carbon Chain

To apply IUPAC nomenclature, we select the longest continuous carbon chain containing the carboxyl group:

C1(COOH) C2 C3 CH3 CH3 CH3

The longest carbon chain contains $4$ carbon atoms. Thus, the parent alkane is butane. [Per IUPAC rule: The parent chain is determined by the maximum number of carbons in the chain containing the principal functional group].

Step 3: Numbering the Chain and Identifying Substituents

Numbering starts from the carbon of the carboxylic acid group as $C_1$:

  • $C_1$: $-COOH$
  • $C_2$: $-CH_2-$
  • $C_3$: $-C(CH_3)_2-$ (Two methyl groups attached)
  • $C_4$: terminal $-CH_3$

There are two methyl groups at position $3$. [Per IUPAC rule: Substituents are listed alphabetically, and numerical locants are used to specify position].

Step 4: Final Synthesis of the IUPAC Name

Combining the components:

  • Parent chain: butanoic acid
  • Substituents: 3,3-dimethyl

Following the syntax: [Locants]-[Substituents][Parent Name][Functional Group Suffix].

Component Value
Substituent Position 3, 3
Substituent Type Dimethyl
Parent Carbon Chain Butane
Suffix -oic acid

Final Solution: 3,3-Dimethylbutanoic acid


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