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Q8.4(iv):
Write the IUPAC names of the following ketones and aldehydes. Wherever possible, give also common names. (iv) \(Ph-CH=CH-CHO\)

Solution :

1. Analysis of the Molecular Structure

The given molecule is $\text{Ph}-\text{CH}=\text{CH}-\text{CHO}$.

  • The structure contains a phenyl group ($\text{Ph}-$, which is a benzene ring attached as a substituent) bonded to a conjugated unsaturated chain.
  • The functional group is an aldehyde ($-\text{CHO}$), which takes priority in IUPAC nomenclature [Per IUPAC Priority Rules for Functional Groups].
  • The chain consists of three carbons in the backbone: the aldehydic carbon (C1), the $\alpha$-carbon (C2), and the $\beta$-carbon (C3), which is attached to the phenyl group.

2. Determination of the IUPAC Name

To determine the IUPAC name, we identify the parent alkane chain and the substituents:

  • Parent Chain: A three-carbon aldehyde is propanal. Since there is a double bond at the C2 position, it is named prop-2-enal.
  • Substituent: The phenyl group ($\text{C}_6\text{H}_5$) is attached to the third carbon (C3).
  • Assembling the name: The phenyl substituent is positioned at the third carbon. Thus, the name is 3-phenylprop-2-enal.

3. Determination of the Common Name

The common name for $\text{Ph}-\text{CH}=\text{CH}-\text{CHO}$ is derived from its association with cinnamaldehyde, which is the naturally occurring compound responsible for the flavor and odor of cinnamon.

  • The common name is Cinnamaldehyde.

4. Structural Visualization

Ph CH CH CHO

5. Summary Comparison

Nomenclature System Result
IUPAC Name 3-phenylprop-2-enal
Common Name Cinnamaldehyde

Final Solution: The IUPAC name is 3-phenylprop-2-enal and the common name is Cinnamaldehyde.


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