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Q2.22(c):
Just as precise measurements are necessary in science, it is equally important to be able to make rough estimates of quantities using rudimentary ideas and common observations. Think of ways by which you can estimate the following (where an estimate is difficult to obtain, try to get an upper bound on the quantity) :
the wind speed during a storm
Solution :
Step 1: Theoretical Basis for Estimation
To estimate the wind speed ($v$) during a storm without specialized anemometric equipment, we utilize the relationship between the kinetic energy of air and the force it exerts on an object. We invoke the concept of dynamic pressure, which defines the pressure exerted by a fluid in motion [Per Bernoulli’s Principle].
The dynamic pressure ($P_d$) is given by: $P_d = \frac{1}{2}\rho v^2$, where $\rho$ is the density of air ($\approx 1.225 \text{ kg/m}^3$ at sea level).
Step 2: Observational Method (The "Displacement" Approach)
An effective upper bound can be estimated by observing the threshold at which common objects move or sustain damage. We model the force of the wind ($F$) as the product of the dynamic pressure and the cross-sectional area ($A$) of a target object:
$F = P_d \cdot A \cdot C_d = \frac{1}{2} \rho v^2 A C_d$
Where $C_d$ is the drag coefficient (typically $\approx 1.0$ to $1.2$ for bluff bodies).
Step 3: Determining the Threshold for Estimation
We observe the physical effect of the storm on a standard object, such as a large tree branch or a sign. If we estimate the force required to break or displace an object of mass $m$ and area $A$, we can rearrange for $v$:
$v = \sqrt{\frac{2F}{\rho A C_d}}$
By observing the diameter of the largest branches broken (estimating $m$ and required force $F$ to snap wood), we calculate the velocity at which the wind imparts this force.
Step 4: Calculation of an Upper Bound
Consider the Beaufort Scale reference: A "violent storm" or "hurricane" ($v > 33 \text{ m/s}$) is characterized by significant structural damage.
| Observation | Estimated Wind Speed ($v$) |
|---|---|
| Trees sway, twigs break | $15 - 20 \text{ m/s}$ |
| Structural damage to roofs | $25 - 35 \text{ m/s}$ |
| Up-rooting of large trees | $> 40 \text{ m/s}$ |
Visual Representation of Wind Pressure
Step 5: Analytical Summary
To obtain an upper bound, identify the most robust object in the immediate vicinity that has been moved by the wind. By determining the force $F$ required to move said object (using static friction $F_s = \mu N$ or bending moments), and substituting the surface area $A$ into the dynamic pressure formula, we derive the maximum wind velocity $v$ that the system experienced. [By Newton’s Second Law and Fluid Dynamics principles].
Final Solution: The wind speed $v$ is estimated by $v \approx \sqrt{\frac{2F}{\rho A C_d}}$, where $F$ is the threshold force required to displace an observed object of area $A$. For a severe storm, common observational markers typically place the upper bound between $30 \text{ m/s}$ and $50 \text{ m/s}$.
More Questions from Class 11 Physics Units and Measurements EXERCISES
- Q2.1(a): Fill in the blanks (a) The volume of a cube of side 1 cm is equal to .....m$^3$
- Q2.1(a): Fill in the blanks The volume of a cube of side 1 cm is equal to .....(m^{3})
- Q2.1(b): Fill in the blanks The surface area of a solid cylinder of radius 2.0 cm and height 10.0 cm is equal to ...(mm)^{2}
- Q2.1(b): Fill in the blanks (b) The surface area of a solid cylinder of radius 2.0 cm and height 10.0 cm is equal to ...(mm)$^2$
- Q2.1(c): Fill in the blanks (c) A vehicle moving with a speed of 18 km h$^{–1}$ covers....m in 1 s
- Q2.1(c): Fill in the blanks A vehicle moving with a speed of 18 km (h^{-1}) covers....m in 1 s
- Q2.1(d): Fill in the blanks (d) The relative density of lead is 11.3. Its density is ....g cm$^{–3}$ or ....kg m$^{–3}$.
- Q2.1(d): Fill in the blanks The relative density of lead is 11.3. Its density is ....(g cm^{-3}) or ....(kg m^{-3}).
- Q2.10(a): State the number of significant figures in the following : 0.007 (m^{2})
- Q2.10(a): State the number of significant figures in the following : (a) 0.007 m$^2$
- Q2.10(b): State the number of significant figures in the following : (2.64 \times 10^{24}) kg
- Q2.10(b): State the number of significant figures in the following : (b) $2.64 \times 10^{24}$ kg
- Q2.10(c): State the number of significant figures in the following : 0.2370 (g cm^{-3})
- Q2.10(c): State the number of significant figures in the following : (c) 0.2370 g cm$^{–3}$
- Q2.10(d): State the number of significant figures in the following : (d) 6.320 J
- Q2.10(d): State the number of significant figures in the following : 6.320 J
- Q2.10(e): State the number of significant figures in the following : (e) 6.032 N m$^{–2}$
- Q2.10(e): State the number of significant figures in the following : 6.032 (N m^{-2})
- Q2.10(f): State the number of significant figures in the following : (f) 0.0006032 m$^2$
- Q2.10(f): State the number of significant figures in the following : 0.0006032 (m^{2})
- Q2.11: The length, breadth and thickness of a rectangular sheet of metal are 4.234 m, 1.005 m, and 2.01 cm respectively. Give the area and volume of the sheet to correct significant figures.
- Q2.11: The length, breadth and thickness of a rectangular sheet of metal are 4.234 m, 1.005 m, and 2.01 cm respectively. Give the area and volume of the sheet to correct significant figures.
- Q2.12(a): The mass of a box measured by a grocer’s balance is 2.30 kg. Two gold pieces of masses 20.15 g and 20.17 g are added to the box. What is the total mass of the box?
- Q2.12(a): The mass of a box measured by a grocer’s balance is 2.30 kg. Two gold pieces of masses 20.15 g and 20.17 g are added to the box. What is (a) the total mass of the box,
- Q2.12(b): The mass of a box measured by a grocer’s balance is 2.30 kg. Two gold pieces of masses 20.15 g and 20.17 g are added to the box. What is the difference in the masses of the pieces to correct significant figures ?
- Q2.12(b): The mass of a box measured by a grocer’s balance is 2.30 kg. Two gold pieces of masses 20.15 g and 20.17 g are added to the box. What is (b) the difference in the masses of the pieces to correct significant figures ?
- Q2.13: A physical quantity (P) is related to four observables (a), (b), (c) and (d) as follows : (P = \frac{a^{3} b^{2}}{\sqrt{c} d}) The percentage errors of measurement in (a), (b), (c) and (d) are 1%, 3%, 4% and 2%, respectively. What is the percentage error in the quantity (P) ? If the value of (P) calculated using the above relation turns out to be 3.763, to what value should you round off the result ?
- Q2.13: A physical quantity P is related to four observables a, b, c and d as follows : $P = \frac{a^3 b^2}{\sqrt{c} d}$ The percentage errors of measurement in a, b, c and d are 1%, 3%, 4% and 2%, respectively. What is the percentage error in the quantity P ? If the value of P calculated using the above relation turns out to be 3.763, to what value should you round off the result ?
- Q2.14(a): A book with many printing errors contains four different formulas for the displacement y of a particle undergoing a certain periodic motion : (y = a \sin \frac{2\pi t}{T}) ((a) = maximum displacement of the particle, (v) = speed of the particle. (T) = time-period of motion). Rule out the wrong formulas on dimensional grounds.
- Q2.14(a): A book with many printing errors contains four different formulas for the displacement y of a particle undergoing a certain periodic motion : (a) $y = a \sin \frac{2\pi t}{T}$ (a = maximum displacement of the particle, v = speed of the particle. T = time-period of motion). Rule out the wrong formulas on dimensional grounds.
- Q2.14(b): A book with many printing errors contains four different formulas for the displacement y of a particle undergoing a certain periodic motion : (y = a \sin vt) ((a) = maximum displacement of the particle, (v) = speed of the particle. (T) = time-period of motion). Rule out the wrong formulas on dimensional grounds.
- Q2.14(b): A book with many printing errors contains four different formulas for the displacement y of a particle undergoing a certain periodic motion : (b) $y = a \sin vt$ (a = maximum displacement of the particle, v = speed of the particle. T = time-period of motion). Rule out the wrong formulas on dimensional grounds.
- Q2.14(c): A book with many printing errors contains four different formulas for the displacement y of a particle undergoing a certain periodic motion : (y = (\frac{a}{T}) \sin \frac{t}{a}) ((a) = maximum displacement of the particle, (v) = speed of the particle. (T) = time-period of motion). Rule out the wrong formulas on dimensional grounds.
- Q2.14(c): A book with many printing errors contains four different formulas for the displacement y of a particle undergoing a certain periodic motion : (c) $y = (\frac{a}{T}) \sin \frac{t}{a}$ (a = maximum displacement of the particle, v = speed of the particle. T = time-period of motion). Rule out the wrong formulas on dimensional grounds.
- Q2.14(d): A book with many printing errors contains four different formulas for the displacement y of a particle undergoing a certain periodic motion : (d) $y = (\frac{a}{\sqrt{2}}) (\sin \frac{2\pi t}{T} + \cos \frac{2\pi t}{T})$ (a = maximum displacement of the particle, v = speed of the particle. T = time-period of motion). Rule out the wrong formulas on dimensional grounds.
- Q2.14(d): A book with many printing errors contains four different formulas for the displacement y of a particle undergoing a certain periodic motion : (y = (\frac{a}{\sqrt{2}}) (\sin \frac{2\pi t}{T} + \cos \frac{2\pi t}{T})) ((a) = maximum displacement of the particle, (v) = speed of the particle. (T) = time-period of motion). Rule out the wrong formulas on dimensional grounds.
- Q2.15: A famous relation in physics relates ‘moving mass’ $m$ to the ‘rest mass’ $m_0$ of a particle in terms of its speed $v$ and the speed of light, $c$. (This relation first arose as a consequence of special relativity due to Albert Einstein). A boy recalls the relation almost correctly but forgets where to put the constant $c$. He writes : $m = \frac{m_0}{(1 - v^2)^{1/2}}$. Guess where to put the missing $c$.
- Q2.15: A famous relation in physics relates ‘moving mass’ (m) to the ‘rest mass’ (m_{0}) of a particle in terms of its speed (v) and the speed of light, (c). (This relation first arose as a consequence of special relativity due to Albert Einstein). A boy recalls the relation almost correctly but forgets where to put the constant (c). He writes : (m = \frac{m_{0}}{(1 - v^{2})^{1/2}}). Guess where to put the missing (c).
- Q2.16: The unit of length convenient on the atomic scale is known as an angstrom and is denoted by Å: 1 Å = $10^{–10}$ m. The size of a hydrogen atom is about 0.5 Å. What is the total atomic volume in m$^3$ of a mole of hydrogen atoms ?
- Q2.16: The unit of length convenient on the atomic scale is known as an angstrom and is denoted by (Å): (1 Å = 10^{-10} m). The size of a hydrogen atom is about 0.5 (Å). What is the total atomic volume in (m^{3}) of a mole of hydrogen atoms ?
- Q2.17: One mole of an ideal gas at standard temperature and pressure occupies 22.4 L (molar volume). What is the ratio of molar volume to the atomic volume of a mole of hydrogen ? (Take the size of hydrogen molecule to be about 1 Å). Why is this ratio so large ?
- Q2.17: One mole of an ideal gas at standard temperature and pressure occupies 22.4 L (molar volume). What is the ratio of molar volume to the atomic volume of a mole of hydrogen ? (Take the size of hydrogen molecule to be about 1 (Å)). Why is this ratio so large ?
- Q2.18: Explain this common observation clearly : If you look out of the window of a fast moving train, the nearby trees, houses etc. seem to move rapidly in a direction opposite to the train’s motion, but the distant objects (hill tops, the Moon, the stars etc.) seem to be stationary. (In fact, since you are aware that you are moving, these distant objects seem to move with you).
- Q2.18: Explain this common observation clearly : If you look out of the window of a fast moving train, the nearby trees, houses etc. seem to move rapidly in a direction opposite to the train’s motion, but the distant objects (hill tops, the Moon, the stars etc.) seem to be stationary. (In fact, since you are aware that you are moving, these distant objects seem to move with you).
- Q2.19: The principle of ‘parallax’ in section 2.3.1 is used in the determination of distances of very distant stars. The baseline AB is the line joining the Earth’s two locations six months apart in its orbit around the Sun. That is, the baseline is about the diameter of the Earth’s orbit (\approx 3 \times 10^{11}m). However, even the nearest stars are so distant that with such a long baseline, they show parallax only of the order of 1” (second) of arc or so. A parsec is a convenient unit of length on the astronomical scale. It is the distance of an object that will show a parallax of 1” (second of arc) from opposite ends of a baseline equal to the distance from the Earth to the Sun. How much is a parsec in terms of metres ?
- Q2.19: The principle of ‘parallax’ in section 2.3.1 is used in the determination of distances of very distant stars. The baseline AB is the line joining the Earth’s two locations six months apart in its orbit around the Sun. That is, the baseline is about the diameter of the Earth’s orbit $\approx 3 \times 10^{11}$m. However, even the nearest stars are so distant that with such a long baseline, they show parallax only of the order of $1''$ (second) of arc or so. A parsec is a convenient unit of length on the astronomical scale. It is the distance of an object that will show a parallax of $1''$ (second of arc) from opposite ends of a baseline equal to the distance from the Earth to the Sun. How much is a parsec in terms of metres ?
- Q2.2(a): Fill in the blanks by suitable conversion of units 1 (kg m^{2} s^{-2}) = ....(g cm^{2} s^{-2})
- Q2.2(a): Fill in the blanks by suitable conversion of units (a) 1 kg m$^2$ s$^{–2}$ = ....g cm$^2$ s$^{–2}$
- Q2.2(b): Fill in the blanks by suitable conversion of units (b) 1 m = ..... ly
- Q2.2(b): Fill in the blanks by suitable conversion of units 1 m = ..... ly
- Q2.2(c): Fill in the blanks by suitable conversion of units 3.0 (m s^{-2}) = .... (km h^{-2})
- Q2.2(c): Fill in the blanks by suitable conversion of units (c) 3.0 m s$^{–2}$ = .... km h$^{–2}$
- Q2.2(d): Fill in the blanks by suitable conversion of units (G = 6.67 \times 10^{-11} N m^{2} (kg)^{-2} = .... (cm)^{3} s^{-2} g^{-1}).
- Q2.2(d): Fill in the blanks by suitable conversion of units (d) G = $6.67 \times 10^{–11}$ N m$^2$ (kg)$^{–2}$ = .... (cm)$^3$ s$^{–2}$ g$^{–1}$.
- Q2.20: The nearest star to our solar system is 4.29 light years away. How much is this distance in terms of parsecs? How much parallax would this star (named Alpha Centauri) show when viewed from two locations of the Earth six months apart in its orbit around the Sun ?
- Q2.20: The nearest star to our solar system is 4.29 light years away. How much is this distance in terms of parsecs? How much parallax would this star (named Alpha Centauri) show when viewed from two locations of the Earth six months apart in its orbit around the Sun ?
- Q2.21: Precise measurements of physical quantities are a need of science. For example, to ascertain the speed of an aircraft, one must have an accurate method to find its positions at closely separated instants of time. This was the actual motivation behind the discovery of radar in World War II. Think of different examples in modern science where precise measurements of length, time, mass etc. are needed. Also, wherever you can, give a quantitative idea of the precision needed.
- Q2.21: Precise measurements of physical quantities are a need of science. For example, to ascertain the speed of an aircraft, one must have an accurate method to find its positions at closely separated instants of time. This was the actual motivation behind the discovery of radar in World War II. Think of different examples in modern science where precise measurements of length, time, mass etc. are needed. Also, wherever you can, give a quantitative idea of the precision needed.
- Q2.22(a): Just as precise measurements are necessary in science, it is equally important to be able to make rough estimates of quantities using rudimentary ideas and common observations. Think of ways by which you can estimate the following (where an estimate is difficult to obtain, try to get an upper bound on the quantity) : the total mass of rain-bearing clouds over India during the Monsoon
- Q2.22(a): Just as precise measurements are necessary in science, it is equally important to be able to make rough estimates of quantities using rudimentary ideas and common observations. Think of ways by which you can estimate the following (where an estimate is difficult to obtain, try to get an upper bound on the quantity) : (a) the total mass of rain-bearing clouds over India during the Monsoon
- Q2.22(b): Just as precise measurements are necessary in science, it is equally important to be able to make rough estimates of quantities using rudimentary ideas and common observations. Think of ways by which you can estimate the following (where an estimate is difficult to obtain, try to get an upper bound on the quantity) : (b) the mass of an elephant
- Q2.22(b): Just as precise measurements are necessary in science, it is equally important to be able to make rough estimates of quantities using rudimentary ideas and common observations. Think of ways by which you can estimate the following (where an estimate is difficult to obtain, try to get an upper bound on the quantity) : the mass of an elephant
- Q2.22(c): Just as precise measurements are necessary in science, it is equally important to be able to make rough estimates of quantities using rudimentary ideas and common observations. Think of ways by which you can estimate the following (where an estimate is difficult to obtain, try to get an upper bound on the quantity) : (c) the wind speed during a storm
- Q2.22(d): Just as precise measurements are necessary in science, it is equally important to be able to make rough estimates of quantities using rudimentary ideas and common observations. Think of ways by which you can estimate the following (where an estimate is difficult to obtain, try to get an upper bound on the quantity) : (d) the number of strands of hair on your head
- Q2.22(d): Just as precise measurements are necessary in science, it is equally important to be able to make rough estimates of quantities using rudimentary ideas and common observations. Think of ways by which you can estimate the following (where an estimate is difficult to obtain, try to get an upper bound on the quantity) : the number of strands of hair on your head
- Q2.22(e): Just as precise measurements are necessary in science, it is equally important to be able to make rough estimates of quantities using rudimentary ideas and common observations. Think of ways by which you can estimate the following (where an estimate is difficult to obtain, try to get an upper bound on the quantity) : (e) the number of air molecules in your classroom.
- Q2.22(e): Just as precise measurements are necessary in science, it is equally important to be able to make rough estimates of quantities using rudimentary ideas and common observations. Think of ways by which you can estimate the following (where an estimate is difficult to obtain, try to get an upper bound on the quantity) : the number of air molecules in your classroom.
- Q2.23: The Sun is a hot plasma (ionized matter) with its inner core at a temperature exceeding $10^7$ K, and its outer surface at a temperature of about 6000 K. At these high temperatures, no substance remains in a solid or liquid phase. In what range do you expect the mass density of the Sun to be, in the range of densities of solids and liquids or gases ? Check if your guess is correct from the following data : mass of the Sun = $2.0 \times 10^{30}$ kg, radius of the Sun = $7.0 \times 10^8$ m.
- Q2.23: The Sun is a hot plasma (ionized matter) with its inner core at a temperature exceeding (10^{7}) K, and its outer surface at a temperature of about 6000 K. At these high temperatures, no substance remains in a solid or liquid phase. In what range do you expect the mass density of the Sun to be, in the range of densities of solids and liquids or gases ? Check if your guess is correct from the following data : mass of the Sun = (2.0 \times 10^{30}) kg, radius of the Sun = (7.0 \times 10^{8}) m.
- Q2.24: When the planet Jupiter is at a distance of 824.7 million kilometers from the Earth, its angular diameter is measured to be $35.72''$ of arc. Calculate the diameter of Jupiter.
- Q2.24: When the planet Jupiter is at a distance of 824.7 million kilometers from the Earth, its angular diameter is measured to be 35.72" of arc. Calculate the diameter of Jupiter.
- Q2.3: A calorie is a unit of heat (energy in transit) and it equals about 4.2 J where 1J = 1 kg m$^2$ s$^{–2}$. Suppose we employ a system of units in which the unit of mass equals $\alpha$ kg, the unit of length equals $\beta$ m, the unit of time is $\gamma$ s. Show that a calorie has a magnitude 4.2 $\alpha^{–1} \beta^{–2} \gamma^2$ in terms of the new units.
- Q2.3: A calorie is a unit of heat (energy in transit) and it equals about 4.2 J where (1J = 1 kg m^{2} s^{-2}). Suppose we employ a system of units in which the unit of mass equals (\alpha) kg, the unit of length equals (\beta) m, the unit of time is (\gamma) s. Show that a calorie has a magnitude (4.2 \alpha^{-1} \beta^{-2} \gamma^{2}) in terms of the new units.
- Q2.4(a): Explain this statement clearly : “To call a dimensional quantity ‘large’ or ‘small’ is meaningless without specifying a standard for comparison”. In view of this, reframe the following statements wherever necessary : (a) atoms are very small objects
- Q2.4(a): Explain this statement clearly : “To call a dimensional quantity ‘large’ or ‘small’ is meaningless without specifying a standard for comparison”. In view of this, reframe the following statements wherever necessary : atoms are very small objects
- Q2.4(b): Explain this statement clearly : “To call a dimensional quantity ‘large’ or ‘small’ is meaningless without specifying a standard for comparison”. In view of this, reframe the following statements wherever necessary : (b) a jet plane moves with great speed
- Q2.4(b): Explain this statement clearly : “To call a dimensional quantity ‘large’ or ‘small’ is meaningless without specifying a standard for comparison”. In view of this, reframe the following statements wherever necessary : a jet plane moves with great speed
- Q2.4(c): Explain this statement clearly : “To call a dimensional quantity ‘large’ or ‘small’ is meaningless without specifying a standard for comparison”. In view of this, reframe the following statements wherever necessary : (c) the mass of Jupiter is very large
- Q2.4(c): Explain this statement clearly : “To call a dimensional quantity ‘large’ or ‘small’ is meaningless without specifying a standard for comparison”. In view of this, reframe the following statements wherever necessary : the mass of Jupiter is very large
- Q2.4(d): Explain this statement clearly : “To call a dimensional quantity ‘large’ or ‘small’ is meaningless without specifying a standard for comparison”. In view of this, reframe the following statements wherever necessary : (d) the air inside this room contains a large number of molecules
- Q2.4(d): Explain this statement clearly : “To call a dimensional quantity ‘large’ or ‘small’ is meaningless without specifying a standard for comparison”. In view of this, reframe the following statements wherever necessary : the air inside this room contains a large number of molecules
- Q2.4(e): Explain this statement clearly : “To call a dimensional quantity ‘large’ or ‘small’ is meaningless without specifying a standard for comparison”. In view of this, reframe the following statements wherever necessary : (e) a proton is much more massive than an electron
- Q2.4(e): Explain this statement clearly : “To call a dimensional quantity ‘large’ or ‘small’ is meaningless without specifying a standard for comparison”. In view of this, reframe the following statements wherever necessary : a proton is much more massive than an electron
- Q2.4(f): Explain this statement clearly : “To call a dimensional quantity ‘large’ or ‘small’ is meaningless without specifying a standard for comparison”. In view of this, reframe the following statements wherever necessary : (f) the speed of sound is much smaller than the speed of light.
- Q2.4(f): Explain this statement clearly : “To call a dimensional quantity ‘large’ or ‘small’ is meaningless without specifying a standard for comparison”. In view of this, reframe the following statements wherever necessary : the speed of sound is much smaller than the speed of light.
- Q2.5: A new unit of length is chosen such that the speed of light in vacuum is unity. What is the distance between the Sun and the Earth in terms of the new unit if light takes 8 min and 20 s to cover this distance ?
- Q2.5: A new unit of length is chosen such that the speed of light in vacuum is unity. What is the distance between the Sun and the Earth in terms of the new unit if light takes 8 min and 20 s to cover this distance ?
- Q2.6: Which of the following is the most precise device for measuring length :
- Q2.6: Which of the following is the most precise device for measuring length :
- Q2.7: A student measures the thickness of a human hair by looking at it through a microscope of magnification 100. He makes 20 observations and finds that the average width of the hair in the field of view of the microscope is 3.5 mm. What is the estimate on the thickness of hair ?
- Q2.7: A student measures the thickness of a human hair by looking at it through a microscope of magnification 100. He makes 20 observations and finds that the average width of the hair in the field of view of the microscope is 3.5 mm. What is the estimate on the thickness of hair ?
- Q2.8(a): Answer the following : You are given a thread and a metre scale. How will you estimate the diameter of the thread ?
- Q2.8(a): Answer the following : (a)You are given a thread and a metre scale. How will you estimate the diameter of the thread ?
- Q2.8(b): Answer the following : A screw gauge has a pitch of 1.0 mm and 200 divisions on the circular scale. Do you think it is possible to increase the accuracy of the screw gauge arbitrarily by increasing the number of divisions on the circular scale ?
- Q2.8(b): Answer the following : (b)A screw gauge has a pitch of 1.0 mm and 200 divisions on the circular scale. Do you think it is possible to increase the accuracy of the screw gauge arbitrarily by increasing the number of divisions on the circular scale ?
- Q2.8(c): Answer the following : The mean diameter of a thin brass rod is to be measured by vernier callipers. Why is a set of 100 measurements of the diameter expected to yield a more reliable estimate than a set of 5 measurements only ?
- Q2.8(c): Answer the following : (c) The mean diameter of a thin brass rod is to be measured by vernier callipers. Why is a set of 100 measurements of the diameter expected to yield a more reliable estimate than a set of 5 measurements only ?
- Q2.9: The photograph of a house occupies an area of 1.75 (cm^{2}) on a 35 mm slide. The slide is projected on to a screen, and the area of the house on the screen is 1.55 (m^{2}). What is the linear magnification of the projector-screen arrangement.
- Q2.9: The photograph of a house occupies an area of 1.75 cm$^2$ on a 35 mm slide. The slide is projected on to a screen, and the area of the house on the screen is 1.55 m$^2$. What is the linear magnification of the projector-screen arrangement.
CBSE Solutions for Class 11 Physics Units and Measurements
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Spoken English, MBA, BBA, Career Counselling, Hindi Language tutor with 20 years of experience
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I have 20 years of experience in the field of teaching. I conduct classes for Spoken English, BBA, MBA, Hindi Language, Career Counselling and Classes I to X. I tutor (offline/online) for syllabi-based subjects Classes I to X for CBSE, ICSE, IGCSE, IB Board. For classes X and above, I focus on tutoring subjects like Hindi, English, Psychology. Accountancy, Business Studies, Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry for CBSE, ICSE, IGCSE and IB Board. I also conduct career counselling and psychological counselling. I also assist students in pursuing MBA/PGDBM courses in their dissertation work. People engaged in doctoral theses in the domains of management and psychology engage my services for their research work. Since there is a lot of demand for enhancing one's conversational English, this is what I am focusing on at the moment. Being bilingual, my medium of communication is English as well as Hindi. I train learners in the usage of WordPress, Joomla - to develop their websites; right from domain registration to site maintenance. Besides, I assist teachers in pursuing Teachers' Training Courses.
Also teaches:
Class 6 Tuition, MBA Tuition
and more
(78)
Super Tutor
New Friends Colony, Delhi
10 yrs of
Exp
30 students
4691 hrs of classes completed
500
per hour
IB & IGCSE Maths Tutor | Application, Problem Solving & Exam Preparation | 10+ Years
Online Classes
I help students in Classes 11–12 develop strong conceptual understanding, advanced problem-solving skills, and confidence for school, board, and competitive-level examinations. My classes cover: Algebra – equations, sequences & series, permutations & combinations, binomial theorem, complex numbers, etc. Trigonometry – identities, equations and applications Coordinate Geometry – straight lines, circles and conic sections Calculus – limits, continuity, differentiation, applications of derivatives, integration and related concepts Probability & Statistics Vectors & 3D Geometry Matrices & Determinants Application-based and higher-order problems Regular practice, tests, and detailed error analysis Exam-oriented preparation with focus on accuracy, speed, and time management My Teaching Approach Instead of simply teaching formulas, I focus on helping students understand why a concept works, when to apply it, and how to approach unfamiliar questions. Concept → Understand → Practise → Apply → Solve → Analyse → Improve Classes are personalised according to the student's current level, curriculum, learning gaps, and academic goals, with structured practice and continuous feedback. Suitable for: CBSE, ICSE, IB, IGCSE, GCSE, Cambridge, and other international curricula.
Naman Gupta
The teacher explained concepts with simple examples and experiments, which made learning easy and interesting I understood the topic better and improved my performance .
Skills:
Mathematics
Also teaches:
Class 12 Tuition, Class 10 Tuition
and more
(22)
Top Tutor
Choolissery, Thrissur
20 yrs of
Exp
1 student
446 hrs of classes completed
600
per hour
professional teacher with more than 20 years of experience. I have MSc and B. Ed in mathematics.
Online Classes
Very simple and easy to learn
Skills:
Mathematics
,
Statistics
Also teaches:
Class 8 Tuition, Class 9 Tuition
and more
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