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Q4(iv):
Expand each of the following, using suitable identities: (iv) $(3a – 7b – c)^2$

Solution :

Given Expression & Algebraic Identity

We are tasked with expanding the following trinomial squared:

$(3a - 7b - c)^2$

To expand this expression systematically, we utilize the standard algebraic identity for the square of a trinomial [Derived from the distributive property of multiplication over addition]:

$(x + y + z)^2 = x^2 + y^2 + z^2 + 2xy + 2yz + 2zx$

Step 1: Variable Mapping

We must map the terms of our specific expression to the variables in the standard identity. By rewriting the given expression as a sum, we ensure that the negative signs are correctly associated with their respective terms:

$(3a - 7b - c)^2 = (3a + (-7b) + (-c))^2$

By direct comparison with $(x + y + z)^2$, we establish the following variable assignments:

  • $x = 3a$
  • $y = -7b$
  • $z = -c$

Step 2: Substitution into the Identity

Substituting these mapped values into the expanded form of the identity yields:

$(3a + (-7b) + (-c))^2 = (3a)^2 + (-7b)^2 + (-c)^2 + 2(3a)(-7b) + 2(-7b)(-c) + 2(-c)(3a)$

Step 3: Term-by-Term Simplification

We now evaluate each term individually, applying the rules of exponents [$(ab)^n = a^n b^n$] and the rules of sign multiplication:

  • Squaring the first term: $(3a)^2 = 3^2 \cdot a^2 = 9a^2$
  • Squaring the second term: $(-7b)^2 = (-7)^2 \cdot b^2 = 49b^2$ [Note: The square of a negative number is positive]
  • Squaring the third term: $(-c)^2 = (-1)^2 \cdot c^2 = c^2$
  • First cross-product: $2(3a)(-7b) = 2 \cdot 3 \cdot (-7) \cdot a \cdot b = -42ab$
  • Second cross-product: $2(-7b)(-c) = 2 \cdot (-7) \cdot (-1) \cdot b \cdot c = 14bc$ [Note: The product of two negative numbers is positive]
  • Third cross-product: $2(-c)(3a) = 2 \cdot (-1) \cdot 3 \cdot c \cdot a = -6ca$

Step 4: Assembling the Final Polynomial

Combining all the simplified terms from Step 3, we construct the final expanded polynomial:

$9a^2 + 49b^2 + c^2 - 42ab + 14bc - 6ca$

Geometric Representation of the Trinomial Square Identity

The algebraic identity $(x+y+z)^2$ can be visualized as the area of a square with side length $(x+y+z)$, partitioned into 9 distinct rectangular regions. The sum of the areas of these regions corresponds exactly to the terms in our expanded formula.

x² xy xz xy y² yz xz yz z² x y z x y z x + y + z x + y + z

Final Solution: $9a^2 + 49b^2 + c^2 - 42ab + 14bc - 6ca$


More Questions from Class 9 Mathematics Polynomials EXERCISE 2.4


CBSE Solutions for Class 9 Mathematics Polynomials


Chapters in CBSE - Class 9 Mathematics


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