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Q2(ii):
Evaluate the following products without multiplying directly: (ii) $95 \times 96$

Solution :

Initial Setup & Selection of Algebraic Identity

To evaluate the product $95 \times 96$ without performing direct multiplication, we must utilize a standard algebraic identity. The most efficient approach is to express both numbers as binomials relative to a common, easily calculable base. The number $100$ serves as the optimal base because squaring it and multiplying it by other integers minimizes computational complexity.

We will apply the following binomial product identity:

$(x + a)(x + b) = x^2 + (a + b)x + ab$

[Per the distributive property of multiplication over addition, expanding the binomials yields $x^2 + bx + ax + ab$, which factors into the stated identity].

x² bx ax ab x b x a Geometric Representation of (x+a)(x+b) = x² + ax + bx + ab

Step 1: Expressing the Factors as Binomials

We rewrite the given numbers, $95$ and $96$, in terms of the base $x = 100$:

  • $95 = 100 - 5$
  • $96 = 100 - 4$

Thus, the product $95 \times 96$ can be written as $(100 - 5)(100 - 4)$.

Step 2: Mapping Variables to the Identity

By comparing $(100 - 5)(100 - 4)$ with the standard identity $(x + a)(x + b)$, we establish the following variable assignments:

  • $x = 100$
  • $a = -5$
  • $b = -4$

Step 3: Substituting and Expanding

Substitute the assigned values into the right-hand side of the identity $x^2 + (a + b)x + ab$:

$(100 - 5)(100 - 4) = (100)^2 + (-5 + -4)(100) + (-5)(-4)$

Step 4: Arithmetic Evaluation

Now, we evaluate each term systematically [adhering to the order of operations, PEMDAS/BODMAS]:

  • First term (Square of the base): $(100)^2 = 10000$
  • Second term (Sum of constants multiplied by the base): $(-5 - 4) \times 100 = (-9) \times 100 = -900$
  • Third term (Product of the constants): $(-5) \times (-4) = 20$ [Per the rule that the product of two negative integers yields a positive integer]

Step 5: Final Aggregation

Combine the evaluated terms to find the final product:

$10000 - 900 + 20$

First, subtract $900$ from $10000$:

$10000 - 900 = 9100$

Next, add $20$ to the result:

$9100 + 20 = 9120$

Final Solution: 9120


More Questions from Class 9 Mathematics Polynomials EXERCISE 2.4


CBSE Solutions for Class 9 Mathematics Polynomials


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