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Q16(i):
What are the possible expressions for the dimensions of the cuboids whose volumes are given below? (i) Volume : $3x^2 – 12x$

Solution :

Given Variables & Theoretical Foundation

We are given the volume of a cuboid expressed as a polynomial in terms of a variable $x$:

$V(x) = 3x^2 - 12x$

[Per the geometric definition of a cuboid], the volume $V$ is the product of its three mutually perpendicular spatial dimensions: Length ($L$), Width ($W$), and Height ($H$). Mathematically, this is expressed as:

$V = L \times W \times H$

To find the possible expressions for the dimensions of the cuboid, we must factorize the given binomial polynomial into three distinct linear or constant factors.

Step 1: Identifying the Greatest Common Factor (GCF)

We begin by analyzing the terms of the polynomial $3x^2 - 12x$ to extract the Greatest Common Factor (GCF). We decompose each term into its prime numerical and algebraic factors.

Polynomial Term Prime Factorization
$3x^2$ $3 \cdot x \cdot x$
$-12x$ $-1 \cdot 2 \cdot 2 \cdot 3 \cdot x$

By comparing the factorizations, we identify the common elements:

  • Numerical GCF: The greatest integer that divides both $3$ and $-12$ is $3$.
  • Algebraic GCF: The highest power of $x$ common to both $x^2$ and $x$ is $x^1$ (or simply $x$).

Therefore, the overall Greatest Common Factor is $3x$.

Step 2: Algebraic Factorization

[By the Distributive Property of Multiplication over Addition], we can factor out the GCF from the original expression:

$V(x) = 3x^2 - 12x$

$V(x) = 3x(x) - 3x(4)$

$V(x) = 3x(x - 4)$

We have now successfully expressed the binomial as a product of its irreducible factors.

Step 3: Mapping Factors to Geometric Dimensions

The factored form of the volume is $3 \cdot x \cdot (x - 4)$. Because the volume of a cuboid requires three dimensions ($L \times W \times H$), we can directly map these three distinct factors to the dimensions of the cuboid.

  • Dimension 1: $3$
  • Dimension 2: $x$
  • Dimension 3: $(x - 4)$

Note: Because multiplication is commutative ($A \times B \times C = B \times C \times A$), any of these expressions can represent the length, width, or height.

Geometric Visualization

Below is a high-precision spatial representation of the cuboid with its corresponding dimensional expressions.

Length = x Height = 3 Width = x - 4

Final Solution: The possible expressions for the dimensions of the cuboid are $3$, $x$, and $(x - 4)$.


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