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Q7:
Match the items of column I with those of column II :
Column I Column II
(a) Ammonotelism (i) Birds
(b) Bowman’s capsule (ii) Water reabsorption
(c) Micturition (iii) Bony fish
(d) Uricotelism (iv) Urinary bladder
(e) ADH (v) Renal tubule
Match the items of column I with those of column II :
Column I Column II
(a) Ammonotelism (i) Birds
(b) Bowman’s capsule (ii) Water reabsorption
(c) Micturition (iii) Bony fish
(d) Uricotelism (iv) Urinary bladder
(e) ADH (v) Renal tubule
Solution :
Step 1: Conceptual Definitions of Column I Terms
- (a) Ammonotelism: The physiological process of excreting nitrogenous waste in the form of ammonia ($NH_3$). Since ammonia is highly toxic and requires large volumes of water for dilution, it is typical of aquatic organisms [Biological Principle: Solubility and Toxicity of Nitrogenous Wastes].
- (b) Bowman’s Capsule: A cup-like structure located at the proximal end of the nephron in the kidney, which houses the glomerulus and initiates the process of ultrafiltration [Anatomical Standard: Renal Corpuscle].
- (c) Micturition: The neural process of voiding urine from the urinary bladder, triggered by the contraction of the detrusor muscle and relaxation of the urethral sphincters [Physiological Mechanism: Reflex Arc of the Bladder].
- (d) Uricotelism: The process of excreting nitrogenous waste as uric acid. This is an evolutionary adaptation to conserve water, commonly found in organisms like birds and reptiles [Adaptation Theory: Water Conservation in Terrestrial Environments].
- (e) ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone): Also known as vasopressin, it acts on the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts of the nephron to regulate water permeability [Endocrine Function: Osmoregulation].
Step 2: Systematic Matching Analysis
| Column I (Term) | Column II (Associated Match) | Justification |
|---|---|---|
| (a) Ammonotelism | (iii) Bony fish | Ammonia is excreted by aquatic organisms where diffusion into surrounding water is efficient. |
| (b) Bowman’s capsule | (v) Renal tubule | The Bowman's capsule serves as the initial segment of the nephron's renal tubule system. |
| (c) Micturition | (iv) Urinary bladder | Micturition is the reflex act of expelling urine stored within the urinary bladder. |
| (d) Uricotelism | (i) Birds | Birds excrete nitrogenous waste as a dry pellet of uric acid to minimize weight and water loss. |
| (e) ADH | (ii) Water reabsorption | ADH increases the permeability of the collecting ducts to water, facilitating reabsorption. |
Step 3: Visual Representation of the Nephron Context
Final Solution: The correct matches are (a)-(iii), (b)-(v), (c)-(iv), (d)-(i), and (e)-(ii).
More Questions from Class 11 Biology Excretory Products and Elimination EXERCISES
- Q1: Define Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
- Q2: Explain the autoregulatory mechanism of GFR.
- Q3(a): Indicate whether the following statements are true or false : (a) Micturition is carried out by a reflex.
- Q3(b): Indicate whether the following statements are true or false : (b) ADH helps in water elimination, making the urine hypotonic.
- Q3(c): Indicate whether the following statements are true or false : (c) Protein-free fluid is filtered from blood plasma into the Bowman’s capsule.
- Q3(d): Indicate whether the following statements are true or false : (d) Henle’s loop plays an important role in concentrating the urine.
- Q3(e): Indicate whether the following statements are true or false : (e) Glucose is actively reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule.
- Q4: Give a brief account of the counter current mechanism.
- Q5: Describe the role of liver, lungs and skin in excretion.
- Q6: Explain micturition.
- Q8: What is meant by the term osmoregulation?
- Q9: Terrestrial animals are generally either ureotelic or uricotelic, not ammonotelic, why ?
- Q10: What is the significance of juxta glomerular apparatus (JGA) in kidney function?
- Q11(a): Name the following: (a) A chordate animal having flame cells as excretory structures
- Q11(b): Name the following: (b) Cortical portions projecting between the medullary pyramids in the human kidney
- Q11(c): Name the following: (c) A loop of capillary running parallel to the Henle’s loop.
- Q12(a): Fill in the gaps : (a) Ascending limb of Henle’s loop is _______ to water whereas the descending limb is _______ to it.
- Q12(b): Fill in the gaps : (b) Reabsorption of water from distal parts of the tubules is facilitated by hormone _______.
- Q12(c): Fill in the gaps : (c) Dialysis fluid contain all the constituents as in plasma except _______.
- Q12(d): Fill in the gaps : (d) A healthy adult human excretes (on an average) _______ gm of urea/day.
CBSE Solutions for Class 11 Biology Excretory Products and Elimination
Chapters in CBSE - Class 11 Biology
- The Living World
- Biological Classification
- Plant Kingdom
- Animal Kingdom
- Morphology of Flowering Plants
- Anatomy of Flowering Plants
- Structural Organisation in Animals
- Cell – The Unit of Life
- Biomolecules
- Cell Cycle and Division
- Transport in Plants
- Mineral Nutrition
- Photosynthesis
- Respiration in Plants
- Plant Growth and Development
- Digestion and Absorption
- Breathing and Exchange of Gases
- Body Fluids and Circulation
- Locomotion and Movement
- Neural Control and Coordination
- Chemical Coordination and Integration
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