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Q3(b):
Indicate whether the following statements are true or false : (b) ADH helps in water elimination, making the urine hypotonic.
Solution :
Analysis of the Statement
The statement provided is: "ADH helps in water elimination, making the urine hypotonic." To determine its veracity, we must evaluate the physiological function of Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH), also known as Vasopressin.
Step 1: Theoretical Mechanism of ADH
ADH is synthesized by the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary gland. Its primary role is to regulate blood osmolarity and volume. It acts on the distal convoluted tubules (DCT) and, most significantly, the collecting ducts of the nephron [Per the mechanism of hormonal regulation of kidney function].
Step 2: Assessing Water Permeability
ADH functions by stimulating the insertion of water channel proteins called aquaporins into the apical membranes of the epithelial cells in the collecting ducts. This process drastically increases the permeability of these ducts to water. Consequently, water is reabsorbed from the tubular filtrate back into the hypertonic medullary interstitium via osmosis [By the principle of Osmotic Gradient].
Step 3: Evaluating the Impact on Urine Concentration
When ADH is present and active:
- Water is reclaimed from the filtrate into the bloodstream.
- The remaining tubular fluid becomes highly concentrated (hypertonic).
- The volume of excreted urine decreases.
Step 4: Logical Comparison
| Feature | Actual Biological Effect | Statement's Claim |
|---|---|---|
| Water Movement | Reabsorption (Retention) | Elimination |
| Urine Tonicity | Hypertonic (Concentrated) | Hypotonic (Dilute) |
Visualization of the Collecting Duct Mechanism
Final Solution: The statement is False. ADH facilitates the reabsorption of water, which results in the production of hypertonic (concentrated) urine, not hypotonic urine.
More Questions from Class 11 Biology Excretory Products and Elimination EXERCISES
- Q1: Define Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
- Q2: Explain the autoregulatory mechanism of GFR.
- Q3(a): Indicate whether the following statements are true or false : (a) Micturition is carried out by a reflex.
- Q3(c): Indicate whether the following statements are true or false : (c) Protein-free fluid is filtered from blood plasma into the Bowman’s capsule.
- Q3(d): Indicate whether the following statements are true or false : (d) Henle’s loop plays an important role in concentrating the urine.
- Q3(e): Indicate whether the following statements are true or false : (e) Glucose is actively reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule.
- Q4: Give a brief account of the counter current mechanism.
- Q5: Describe the role of liver, lungs and skin in excretion.
- Q6: Explain micturition.
- Q7: Match the items of column I with those of column II : Column I Column II (a) Ammonotelism (i) Birds (b) Bowman’s capsule (ii) Water reabsorption (c) Micturition (iii) Bony fish (d) Uricotelism (iv) Urinary bladder (e) ADH (v) Renal tubule
- Q8: What is meant by the term osmoregulation?
- Q9: Terrestrial animals are generally either ureotelic or uricotelic, not ammonotelic, why ?
- Q10: What is the significance of juxta glomerular apparatus (JGA) in kidney function?
- Q11(a): Name the following: (a) A chordate animal having flame cells as excretory structures
- Q11(b): Name the following: (b) Cortical portions projecting between the medullary pyramids in the human kidney
- Q11(c): Name the following: (c) A loop of capillary running parallel to the Henle’s loop.
- Q12(a): Fill in the gaps : (a) Ascending limb of Henle’s loop is _______ to water whereas the descending limb is _______ to it.
- Q12(b): Fill in the gaps : (b) Reabsorption of water from distal parts of the tubules is facilitated by hormone _______.
- Q12(c): Fill in the gaps : (c) Dialysis fluid contain all the constituents as in plasma except _______.
- Q12(d): Fill in the gaps : (d) A healthy adult human excretes (on an average) _______ gm of urea/day.
CBSE Solutions for Class 11 Biology Excretory Products and Elimination
Chapters in CBSE - Class 11 Biology
- The Living World
- Biological Classification
- Plant Kingdom
- Animal Kingdom
- Morphology of Flowering Plants
- Anatomy of Flowering Plants
- Structural Organisation in Animals
- Cell – The Unit of Life
- Biomolecules
- Cell Cycle and Division
- Transport in Plants
- Mineral Nutrition
- Photosynthesis
- Respiration in Plants
- Plant Growth and Development
- Digestion and Absorption
- Breathing and Exchange of Gases
- Body Fluids and Circulation
- Locomotion and Movement
- Neural Control and Coordination
- Chemical Coordination and Integration
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