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Q12(b):
Fill in the gaps :
(b) Reabsorption of water from distal parts of the tubules is facilitated by hormone _______.
Solution :
Step 1: Physiological Context of Water Reabsorption
The distal convoluted tubule (DCT) and the collecting duct of the nephron are sites of facultative water reabsorption. Unlike the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), where reabsorption is constitutive and obligatory, reabsorption in the distal parts is regulated by systemic endocrine feedback mechanisms to maintain plasma osmolarity and blood pressure [Per Homeostatic Osmoregulation Principles].
Step 2: Mechanism of Action of the Hormone
The hormone in question is synthesized by the hypothalamus and stored/released by the posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis). This hormone, known as Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) or Vasopressin, acts on the V2 receptors of the principal cells in the collecting ducts.
- Binding of ADH to V2 receptors triggers an intracellular signaling cascade involving adenylate cyclase and cyclic AMP (cAMP).
- This results in the translocation of intracellular vesicles containing water-channel proteins, specifically Aquaporin-2 (AQP2), to the apical membrane of the tubular cells.
- By increasing the permeability of the membrane to water, ADH facilitates the movement of water from the lumen into the hypertonic medullary interstitium [By the Principle of Osmosis].
Step 3: Visualizing the ADH-Mediated Water Reabsorption
Step 4: Defining the Terminology
| Feature | Description |
|---|---|
| Hormone Name | Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) / Vasopressin |
| Primary Function | Prevents diuresis by promoting water retention. |
| Trigger | High blood osmolarity (detected by osmoreceptors). |
Final Solution: The reabsorption of water from distal parts of the tubules is facilitated by hormone Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) or Vasopressin.
More Questions from Class 11 Biology Excretory Products and Elimination EXERCISES
- Q1: Define Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
- Q2: Explain the autoregulatory mechanism of GFR.
- Q3(a): Indicate whether the following statements are true or false : (a) Micturition is carried out by a reflex.
- Q3(b): Indicate whether the following statements are true or false : (b) ADH helps in water elimination, making the urine hypotonic.
- Q3(c): Indicate whether the following statements are true or false : (c) Protein-free fluid is filtered from blood plasma into the Bowman’s capsule.
- Q3(d): Indicate whether the following statements are true or false : (d) Henle’s loop plays an important role in concentrating the urine.
- Q3(e): Indicate whether the following statements are true or false : (e) Glucose is actively reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule.
- Q4: Give a brief account of the counter current mechanism.
- Q5: Describe the role of liver, lungs and skin in excretion.
- Q6: Explain micturition.
- Q7: Match the items of column I with those of column II : Column I Column II (a) Ammonotelism (i) Birds (b) Bowman’s capsule (ii) Water reabsorption (c) Micturition (iii) Bony fish (d) Uricotelism (iv) Urinary bladder (e) ADH (v) Renal tubule
- Q8: What is meant by the term osmoregulation?
- Q9: Terrestrial animals are generally either ureotelic or uricotelic, not ammonotelic, why ?
- Q10: What is the significance of juxta glomerular apparatus (JGA) in kidney function?
- Q11(a): Name the following: (a) A chordate animal having flame cells as excretory structures
- Q11(b): Name the following: (b) Cortical portions projecting between the medullary pyramids in the human kidney
- Q11(c): Name the following: (c) A loop of capillary running parallel to the Henle’s loop.
- Q12(a): Fill in the gaps : (a) Ascending limb of Henle’s loop is _______ to water whereas the descending limb is _______ to it.
- Q12(c): Fill in the gaps : (c) Dialysis fluid contain all the constituents as in plasma except _______.
- Q12(d): Fill in the gaps : (d) A healthy adult human excretes (on an average) _______ gm of urea/day.
CBSE Solutions for Class 11 Biology Excretory Products and Elimination
Chapters in CBSE - Class 11 Biology
- The Living World
- Biological Classification
- Plant Kingdom
- Animal Kingdom
- Morphology of Flowering Plants
- Anatomy of Flowering Plants
- Structural Organisation in Animals
- Cell – The Unit of Life
- Biomolecules
- Cell Cycle and Division
- Transport in Plants
- Mineral Nutrition
- Photosynthesis
- Respiration in Plants
- Plant Growth and Development
- Digestion and Absorption
- Breathing and Exchange of Gases
- Body Fluids and Circulation
- Locomotion and Movement
- Neural Control and Coordination
- Chemical Coordination and Integration
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