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Q3(c):
Indicate whether the following statements are true or false : (c) Protein-free fluid is filtered from blood plasma into the Bowman’s capsule.
Solution :
Statement Analysis
The statement provided is: "Protein-free fluid is filtered from blood plasma into the Bowman’s capsule."
Biological Evaluation
The statement is True. This phenomenon describes the initial stage of urine formation known as Ultrafiltration [Per the Physiological Mechanism of Glomerular Filtration].
Step 1: Anatomy of the Filtration Membrane
The process occurs in the renal corpuscle, specifically at the interface of the glomerulus and the Bowman's capsule. The filtration barrier consists of three distinct layers:
- Endothelium of Glomerular Capillaries: Contains fenestrae (pores) which allow passage of water and small solutes.
- Basement Membrane: Acts as a negatively charged glycoprotein matrix that repels negatively charged proteins.
- Epithelium of Bowman’s Capsule (Podocytes): Specialized cells with foot processes (pedicels) that create filtration slits.
Step 2: Analysis of Glomerular Filtrate Composition
Due to the selective permeability of the aforementioned barrier, the blood undergoes ultrafiltration under high hydrostatic pressure ($P_g \approx 55 \text{ mmHg}$). The resulting filtrate, known as the Glomerular Filtrate, is essentially an isotonic, cell-free, and protein-free solution.
| Component | Presence in Filtrate | Reasoning |
|---|---|---|
| Water/Ions ($Na^+, K^+, Cl^-$) | Yes | Small molecular diameter |
| Glucose/Amino Acids | Yes | Small molecular diameter |
| Plasma Proteins (Albumin, Globulins) | No | Large molecular weight and negative charge repulsion |
| Blood Cells (RBCs, WBCs) | No | Exceed capillary fenestration diameter |
Visual Representation of Ultrafiltration
Theoretical Justification
The filtration process is driven by the Starling forces, where the high Glomerular Hydrostatic Pressure ($GHP$) overcomes the opposing Colloid Osmotic Pressure ($BCOP$) and Capsular Hydrostatic Pressure ($CHP$). Because plasma proteins contribute significantly to the $BCOP$ and are too large to traverse the podocyte slits, the filtrate is rendered essentially protein-free [Per Starling's Law of Fluid Exchange].
Final Solution: The statement is True. Glomerular filtration is a highly selective process that excludes plasma proteins, resulting in a protein-free filtrate.
More Questions from Class 11 Biology Excretory Products and Elimination EXERCISES
- Q1: Define Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
- Q2: Explain the autoregulatory mechanism of GFR.
- Q3(a): Indicate whether the following statements are true or false : (a) Micturition is carried out by a reflex.
- Q3(b): Indicate whether the following statements are true or false : (b) ADH helps in water elimination, making the urine hypotonic.
- Q3(d): Indicate whether the following statements are true or false : (d) Henle’s loop plays an important role in concentrating the urine.
- Q3(e): Indicate whether the following statements are true or false : (e) Glucose is actively reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule.
- Q4: Give a brief account of the counter current mechanism.
- Q5: Describe the role of liver, lungs and skin in excretion.
- Q6: Explain micturition.
- Q7: Match the items of column I with those of column II : Column I Column II (a) Ammonotelism (i) Birds (b) Bowman’s capsule (ii) Water reabsorption (c) Micturition (iii) Bony fish (d) Uricotelism (iv) Urinary bladder (e) ADH (v) Renal tubule
- Q8: What is meant by the term osmoregulation?
- Q9: Terrestrial animals are generally either ureotelic or uricotelic, not ammonotelic, why ?
- Q10: What is the significance of juxta glomerular apparatus (JGA) in kidney function?
- Q11(a): Name the following: (a) A chordate animal having flame cells as excretory structures
- Q11(b): Name the following: (b) Cortical portions projecting between the medullary pyramids in the human kidney
- Q11(c): Name the following: (c) A loop of capillary running parallel to the Henle’s loop.
- Q12(a): Fill in the gaps : (a) Ascending limb of Henle’s loop is _______ to water whereas the descending limb is _______ to it.
- Q12(b): Fill in the gaps : (b) Reabsorption of water from distal parts of the tubules is facilitated by hormone _______.
- Q12(c): Fill in the gaps : (c) Dialysis fluid contain all the constituents as in plasma except _______.
- Q12(d): Fill in the gaps : (d) A healthy adult human excretes (on an average) _______ gm of urea/day.
CBSE Solutions for Class 11 Biology Excretory Products and Elimination
Chapters in CBSE - Class 11 Biology
- The Living World
- Biological Classification
- Plant Kingdom
- Animal Kingdom
- Morphology of Flowering Plants
- Anatomy of Flowering Plants
- Structural Organisation in Animals
- Cell – The Unit of Life
- Biomolecules
- Cell Cycle and Division
- Transport in Plants
- Mineral Nutrition
- Photosynthesis
- Respiration in Plants
- Plant Growth and Development
- Digestion and Absorption
- Breathing and Exchange of Gases
- Body Fluids and Circulation
- Locomotion and Movement
- Neural Control and Coordination
- Chemical Coordination and Integration
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