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Q11(c):
Name the following:
(c) A loop of capillary running parallel to the Henle’s loop.
Solution :
Identification and Anatomical Context
The structure running parallel to the Loop of Henle is known as the Vasa Recta.
Step 1: Structural Definition
In the cortical nephrons, the peritubular capillary network surrounds the convoluted tubules. However, in juxtamedullary nephrons—which are critical for the concentration of urine—efferent arterioles give rise to a fine capillary network that runs parallel to the Loop of Henle. This specialized vascular arrangement is termed the Vasa Recta [Per the histological anatomy of the renal medulla].
Step 2: Functional Significance
The Vasa Recta acts as a counter-current exchanger. It facilitates the maintenance of the hyperosmolarity of the medullary interstitium, which is established by the counter-current multiplier mechanism of the Loop of Henle [Per the physiological principles of the Counter-Current Mechanism].
Step 3: Comparative Anatomy
| Structure | Anatomical Location | Primary Function |
|---|---|---|
| Loop of Henle | Medulla | $NaCl$ and water reabsorption; creating osmotic gradient |
| Vasa Recta | Medulla (parallel to Henle's) | Maintaining osmotic gradient; preventing dilution of medullary interstitium |
The Vasa Recta is highly permeable to water and solutes, allowing it to equilibrate with the surrounding interstitium as it descends into and ascends from the renal medulla, ensuring that the concentration gradient ($300\ mOsm/L$ in cortex to $1200\ mOsm/L$ in inner medulla) is preserved [Per the Laws of Osmotic Equilibrium].
Final Solution: The structure is the Vasa Recta.
More Questions from Class 11 Biology Excretory Products and Elimination EXERCISES
- Q1: Define Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
- Q2: Explain the autoregulatory mechanism of GFR.
- Q3(a): Indicate whether the following statements are true or false : (a) Micturition is carried out by a reflex.
- Q3(b): Indicate whether the following statements are true or false : (b) ADH helps in water elimination, making the urine hypotonic.
- Q3(c): Indicate whether the following statements are true or false : (c) Protein-free fluid is filtered from blood plasma into the Bowman’s capsule.
- Q3(d): Indicate whether the following statements are true or false : (d) Henle’s loop plays an important role in concentrating the urine.
- Q3(e): Indicate whether the following statements are true or false : (e) Glucose is actively reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule.
- Q4: Give a brief account of the counter current mechanism.
- Q5: Describe the role of liver, lungs and skin in excretion.
- Q6: Explain micturition.
- Q7: Match the items of column I with those of column II : Column I Column II (a) Ammonotelism (i) Birds (b) Bowman’s capsule (ii) Water reabsorption (c) Micturition (iii) Bony fish (d) Uricotelism (iv) Urinary bladder (e) ADH (v) Renal tubule
- Q8: What is meant by the term osmoregulation?
- Q9: Terrestrial animals are generally either ureotelic or uricotelic, not ammonotelic, why ?
- Q10: What is the significance of juxta glomerular apparatus (JGA) in kidney function?
- Q11(a): Name the following: (a) A chordate animal having flame cells as excretory structures
- Q11(b): Name the following: (b) Cortical portions projecting between the medullary pyramids in the human kidney
- Q12(a): Fill in the gaps : (a) Ascending limb of Henle’s loop is _______ to water whereas the descending limb is _______ to it.
- Q12(b): Fill in the gaps : (b) Reabsorption of water from distal parts of the tubules is facilitated by hormone _______.
- Q12(c): Fill in the gaps : (c) Dialysis fluid contain all the constituents as in plasma except _______.
- Q12(d): Fill in the gaps : (d) A healthy adult human excretes (on an average) _______ gm of urea/day.
CBSE Solutions for Class 11 Biology Excretory Products and Elimination
Chapters in CBSE - Class 11 Biology
- The Living World
- Biological Classification
- Plant Kingdom
- Animal Kingdom
- Morphology of Flowering Plants
- Anatomy of Flowering Plants
- Structural Organisation in Animals
- Cell – The Unit of Life
- Biomolecules
- Cell Cycle and Division
- Transport in Plants
- Mineral Nutrition
- Photosynthesis
- Respiration in Plants
- Plant Growth and Development
- Digestion and Absorption
- Breathing and Exchange of Gases
- Body Fluids and Circulation
- Locomotion and Movement
- Neural Control and Coordination
- Chemical Coordination and Integration
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