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Q12(c):
Fill in the gaps :
(c) Dialysis fluid contain all the constituents as in plasma except _______.
Solution :
Step 1: Physiological Context of Hemodialysis
Hemodialysis is a life-sustaining medical procedure used to treat patients with renal failure. The primary objective is to replicate the function of the human nephron—specifically, the selective filtration and reabsorption processes—outside the body [Per the principle of extracorporeal filtration].
Step 2: Composition Analysis of Plasma and Dialysate
To facilitate the removal of metabolic nitrogenous wastes (such as urea, uric acid, and creatinine), the dialysis fluid (dialysate) is engineered to mimic the chemical composition of healthy blood plasma in terms of electrolyte concentrations and osmotic pressure.
| Constituent | Blood Plasma | Dialysis Fluid |
|---|---|---|
| Electrolytes ($Na^+$, $K^+$, $Cl^-$) | Balanced (Physiological levels) | Balanced (Matched to plasma) |
| Glucose | Present | Present |
| Nitrogenous Wastes | Elevated (in renal failure) | Absent |
| Plasma Proteins | Present | Absent |
Step 3: Identification of the Missing Constituent
The core mechanism of dialysis is the concentration gradient. Because the dialysate is designed to be free of nitrogenous metabolic waste, urea and other toxins move from the patient's blood across the semi-permeable membrane into the dialysate via simple diffusion [By Fick's Law of Diffusion].
While dialysis fluid contains electrolytes and glucose to prevent the unwanted loss of essential nutrients from the patient's blood, it explicitly excludes nitrogenous waste products to maximize the diffusion gradient [Based on the principle of dialysis concentration equilibrium].
Step 4: Conclusion
The missing constituent is nitrogenous waste (specifically urea). The presence of these waste products in the dialysis fluid would prevent their clearance from the patient's blood, rendering the procedure ineffective.
Final Solution: Dialysis fluid contains all the constituents as in plasma except nitrogenous waste.
More Questions from Class 11 Biology Excretory Products and Elimination EXERCISES
- Q1: Define Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
- Q2: Explain the autoregulatory mechanism of GFR.
- Q3(a): Indicate whether the following statements are true or false : (a) Micturition is carried out by a reflex.
- Q3(b): Indicate whether the following statements are true or false : (b) ADH helps in water elimination, making the urine hypotonic.
- Q3(c): Indicate whether the following statements are true or false : (c) Protein-free fluid is filtered from blood plasma into the Bowman’s capsule.
- Q3(d): Indicate whether the following statements are true or false : (d) Henle’s loop plays an important role in concentrating the urine.
- Q3(e): Indicate whether the following statements are true or false : (e) Glucose is actively reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule.
- Q4: Give a brief account of the counter current mechanism.
- Q5: Describe the role of liver, lungs and skin in excretion.
- Q6: Explain micturition.
- Q7: Match the items of column I with those of column II : Column I Column II (a) Ammonotelism (i) Birds (b) Bowman’s capsule (ii) Water reabsorption (c) Micturition (iii) Bony fish (d) Uricotelism (iv) Urinary bladder (e) ADH (v) Renal tubule
- Q8: What is meant by the term osmoregulation?
- Q9: Terrestrial animals are generally either ureotelic or uricotelic, not ammonotelic, why ?
- Q10: What is the significance of juxta glomerular apparatus (JGA) in kidney function?
- Q11(a): Name the following: (a) A chordate animal having flame cells as excretory structures
- Q11(b): Name the following: (b) Cortical portions projecting between the medullary pyramids in the human kidney
- Q11(c): Name the following: (c) A loop of capillary running parallel to the Henle’s loop.
- Q12(a): Fill in the gaps : (a) Ascending limb of Henle’s loop is _______ to water whereas the descending limb is _______ to it.
- Q12(b): Fill in the gaps : (b) Reabsorption of water from distal parts of the tubules is facilitated by hormone _______.
- Q12(d): Fill in the gaps : (d) A healthy adult human excretes (on an average) _______ gm of urea/day.
CBSE Solutions for Class 11 Biology Excretory Products and Elimination
Chapters in CBSE - Class 11 Biology
- The Living World
- Biological Classification
- Plant Kingdom
- Animal Kingdom
- Morphology of Flowering Plants
- Anatomy of Flowering Plants
- Structural Organisation in Animals
- Cell – The Unit of Life
- Biomolecules
- Cell Cycle and Division
- Transport in Plants
- Mineral Nutrition
- Photosynthesis
- Respiration in Plants
- Plant Growth and Development
- Digestion and Absorption
- Breathing and Exchange of Gases
- Body Fluids and Circulation
- Locomotion and Movement
- Neural Control and Coordination
- Chemical Coordination and Integration
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