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Q3(a):
Indicate whether the following statements are true or false : (a) Micturition is carried out by a reflex.
Solution :
Statement Analysis
Statement: Micturition is carried out by a reflex.
Verification: True.
Biological Justification of the Micturition Reflex
Micturition, the process of voiding urine from the urinary bladder, is regulated by the autonomic and somatic nervous systems through a coordinated sequence of events known as the Micturition Reflex. The physiological mechanism proceeds as follows:
- Step 1: Bladder Distension: As the urinary bladder fills with urine, the walls of the bladder stretch. This physical expansion activates stretch receptors located in the bladder wall [Per the physiological principle of mechanoreception].
- Step 2: Signal Transduction: These receptors generate sensory nerve impulses which are transmitted via afferent pathways to the micturition center located in the pons of the brain and the sacral region of the spinal cord [By the Neural Control and Coordination framework].
- Step 3: Efferent Response: The Central Nervous System (CNS) sends motor signals (parasympathetic) that stimulate the contraction of the detrusor muscle (the smooth muscle of the bladder wall) and simultaneously inhibit the internal urethral sphincter.
- Step 4: Conscious Regulation: While the reflex arc is involuntary, the external urethral sphincter (composed of skeletal muscle) is under voluntary control, allowing for the conscious delay or initiation of micturition [Based on Somatic Nervous System regulation].
Visual Representation of the Reflex Arc
Summary of Regulatory Components
| Component | Function |
|---|---|
| Stretch Receptors | Detect wall tension due to volume increase. |
| Parasympathetic Nerves | Stimulate detrusor muscle contraction. |
| Internal Sphincter | Involuntary relaxation (reflex-mediated). |
| External Sphincter | Voluntary relaxation (somatic control). |
Final Solution: The statement is True. Micturition is initiated by the micturition reflex, which is a spinal reflex triggered by the distension of the bladder wall, subsequently coordinated by the CNS.
More Questions from Class 11 Biology Excretory Products and Elimination EXERCISES
- Q1: Define Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
- Q2: Explain the autoregulatory mechanism of GFR.
- Q3(b): Indicate whether the following statements are true or false : (b) ADH helps in water elimination, making the urine hypotonic.
- Q3(c): Indicate whether the following statements are true or false : (c) Protein-free fluid is filtered from blood plasma into the Bowman’s capsule.
- Q3(d): Indicate whether the following statements are true or false : (d) Henle’s loop plays an important role in concentrating the urine.
- Q3(e): Indicate whether the following statements are true or false : (e) Glucose is actively reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule.
- Q4: Give a brief account of the counter current mechanism.
- Q5: Describe the role of liver, lungs and skin in excretion.
- Q6: Explain micturition.
- Q7: Match the items of column I with those of column II : Column I Column II (a) Ammonotelism (i) Birds (b) Bowman’s capsule (ii) Water reabsorption (c) Micturition (iii) Bony fish (d) Uricotelism (iv) Urinary bladder (e) ADH (v) Renal tubule
- Q8: What is meant by the term osmoregulation?
- Q9: Terrestrial animals are generally either ureotelic or uricotelic, not ammonotelic, why ?
- Q10: What is the significance of juxta glomerular apparatus (JGA) in kidney function?
- Q11(a): Name the following: (a) A chordate animal having flame cells as excretory structures
- Q11(b): Name the following: (b) Cortical portions projecting between the medullary pyramids in the human kidney
- Q11(c): Name the following: (c) A loop of capillary running parallel to the Henle’s loop.
- Q12(a): Fill in the gaps : (a) Ascending limb of Henle’s loop is _______ to water whereas the descending limb is _______ to it.
- Q12(b): Fill in the gaps : (b) Reabsorption of water from distal parts of the tubules is facilitated by hormone _______.
- Q12(c): Fill in the gaps : (c) Dialysis fluid contain all the constituents as in plasma except _______.
- Q12(d): Fill in the gaps : (d) A healthy adult human excretes (on an average) _______ gm of urea/day.
CBSE Solutions for Class 11 Biology Excretory Products and Elimination
Chapters in CBSE - Class 11 Biology
- The Living World
- Biological Classification
- Plant Kingdom
- Animal Kingdom
- Morphology of Flowering Plants
- Anatomy of Flowering Plants
- Structural Organisation in Animals
- Cell – The Unit of Life
- Biomolecules
- Cell Cycle and Division
- Transport in Plants
- Mineral Nutrition
- Photosynthesis
- Respiration in Plants
- Plant Growth and Development
- Digestion and Absorption
- Breathing and Exchange of Gases
- Body Fluids and Circulation
- Locomotion and Movement
- Neural Control and Coordination
- Chemical Coordination and Integration
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