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Q3(d):
Indicate whether the following statements are true or false : (d) Henle’s loop plays an important role in concentrating the urine.
Solution :
Statement Analysis
The statement is: "Henle’s loop plays an important role in concentrating the urine."
Verdict: True
Scientific Justification & Physiological Mechanism
The Loop of Henle is essential for the process of urine concentration in mammals, facilitating the production of hypertonic urine through a mechanism known as the Countercurrent Multiplier System.
1. Structural Segregation of Permeability:
- Descending Limb: Highly permeable to water due to high concentrations of aquaporins but nearly impermeable to electrolytes [Per the Osmotic Gradient Theory]. As the filtrate moves down into the hypertonic medullary interstitium, water exits the tubule via osmosis, resulting in the concentration of the tubular fluid.
- Ascending Limb: Impermeable to water but highly permeable to solutes ($Na^+$, $K^+$, $Cl^-$). In the thin segment, solutes move passively; in the thick segment, they are actively transported out into the interstitium [Per Active Transport of Electrolytes].
2. Countercurrent Multiplication:
The continuous flow of filtrate in opposite directions in the two limbs creates a gradient of osmolarity in the renal medulla, increasing from approximately $300\ mOsm/L$ in the cortex to $1200\ mOsm/L$ in the inner medulla. This gradient is the driving force for water reabsorption in the collecting duct.
Visual Representation of Countercurrent Mechanism
Evidence-Based Synthesis
By establishing this osmotic gradient, the Loop of Henle ensures that when the filtrate reaches the collecting duct, antidiuretic hormone (ADH/Vasopressin) can trigger water reabsorption, thereby producing concentrated (hypertonic) urine and conserving body water [Reference: Guyton and Hall, Textbook of Medical Physiology].
Final Solution: The statement is True. The Henle’s loop creates a medullary osmotic gradient via countercurrent multiplication, which is indispensable for the concentration of urine.
More Questions from Class 11 Biology Excretory Products and Elimination EXERCISES
- Q1: Define Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
- Q2: Explain the autoregulatory mechanism of GFR.
- Q3(a): Indicate whether the following statements are true or false : (a) Micturition is carried out by a reflex.
- Q3(b): Indicate whether the following statements are true or false : (b) ADH helps in water elimination, making the urine hypotonic.
- Q3(c): Indicate whether the following statements are true or false : (c) Protein-free fluid is filtered from blood plasma into the Bowman’s capsule.
- Q3(e): Indicate whether the following statements are true or false : (e) Glucose is actively reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule.
- Q4: Give a brief account of the counter current mechanism.
- Q5: Describe the role of liver, lungs and skin in excretion.
- Q6: Explain micturition.
- Q7: Match the items of column I with those of column II : Column I Column II (a) Ammonotelism (i) Birds (b) Bowman’s capsule (ii) Water reabsorption (c) Micturition (iii) Bony fish (d) Uricotelism (iv) Urinary bladder (e) ADH (v) Renal tubule
- Q8: What is meant by the term osmoregulation?
- Q9: Terrestrial animals are generally either ureotelic or uricotelic, not ammonotelic, why ?
- Q10: What is the significance of juxta glomerular apparatus (JGA) in kidney function?
- Q11(a): Name the following: (a) A chordate animal having flame cells as excretory structures
- Q11(b): Name the following: (b) Cortical portions projecting between the medullary pyramids in the human kidney
- Q11(c): Name the following: (c) A loop of capillary running parallel to the Henle’s loop.
- Q12(a): Fill in the gaps : (a) Ascending limb of Henle’s loop is _______ to water whereas the descending limb is _______ to it.
- Q12(b): Fill in the gaps : (b) Reabsorption of water from distal parts of the tubules is facilitated by hormone _______.
- Q12(c): Fill in the gaps : (c) Dialysis fluid contain all the constituents as in plasma except _______.
- Q12(d): Fill in the gaps : (d) A healthy adult human excretes (on an average) _______ gm of urea/day.
CBSE Solutions for Class 11 Biology Excretory Products and Elimination
Chapters in CBSE - Class 11 Biology
- The Living World
- Biological Classification
- Plant Kingdom
- Animal Kingdom
- Morphology of Flowering Plants
- Anatomy of Flowering Plants
- Structural Organisation in Animals
- Cell – The Unit of Life
- Biomolecules
- Cell Cycle and Division
- Transport in Plants
- Mineral Nutrition
- Photosynthesis
- Respiration in Plants
- Plant Growth and Development
- Digestion and Absorption
- Breathing and Exchange of Gases
- Body Fluids and Circulation
- Locomotion and Movement
- Neural Control and Coordination
- Chemical Coordination and Integration
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