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Q7(c):
Distinguish between the following: (c) Glycolysis and Citric acid Cycle
Solution :
Comparison of Glycolysis and the Citric Acid Cycle
The following table delineates the fundamental biochemical, spatial, and energetic differences between Glycolysis (the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway) and the Citric Acid Cycle (the Krebs Cycle/TCA Cycle).
| Feature | Glycolysis | Citric Acid Cycle |
|---|---|---|
| Location | Cytoplasm of the cell [Per the metabolic compartmentalization of the eukaryotic cell]. | Mitochondrial matrix [Per the localization of mitochondrial enzymes]. |
| Oxygen Requirement | Anaerobic process; does not require $O_2$ directly [Per the EMP pathway mechanism]. | Aerobic process; requires $O_2$ indirectly to regenerate $NAD^+$ and $FAD$ [Per the respiratory chain dependence]. |
| Substrate | Glucose ($C_6H_{12}O_6$). | Acetyl-CoA ($C_2H_3O-S-CoA$). |
| ATP Yield (Direct) | Net gain of $2$ ATP per glucose molecule [Via substrate-level phosphorylation]. | $1$ GTP/ATP per Acetyl-CoA ($2$ per glucose) [Via substrate-level phosphorylation]. |
| Decarboxylation | No $CO_2$ is released. | $2$ molecules of $CO_2$ are released per Acetyl-CoA ($4$ per glucose). |
| Reducing Power | Produces $2$ $NADH + H^+$. | Produces $6$ $NADH + H^+$ and $2$ $FADH_2$ per glucose molecule. |
Schematic Representation of Metabolic Pathways
Analytical Summary of Differences
- Substrate Level Phosphorylation: In Glycolysis, ATP is produced via the conversion of $1,3-bisphosphoglycerate$ and $phosphoenolpyruvate$. In the Citric Acid Cycle, it is produced during the conversion of $Succinyl-CoA$ to $Succinate$ [Per the conservation of high-energy thioester bonds].
- Redox State: Glycolysis acts as a preliminary oxidative phase, whereas the Citric Acid Cycle serves as the final common oxidative pathway for carbohydrates, fats, and amino acids [Per the definition of the TCA Cycle as an amphibolic pathway].
Final Solution: Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol and yields $2$ ATP and $2$ NADH without decarboxylation, whereas the Citric Acid Cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix, involves the complete oxidation of Acetyl-CoA to $CO_2$, and generates significantly higher yields of reduced coenzymes ($NADH, FADH_2$) for use in the Electron Transport Chain.
More Questions from Class 11 Biology Respiration in Plants EXERCISES
- Q1(a): Differentiate between (a) Respiration and Combustion
- Q1(b): Differentiate between (b) Glycolysis and Krebs’ cycle
- Q1(c): Differentiate between (c) Aerobic respiration and Fermentation
- Q2: What are respiratory substrates? Name the most common respiratory substrate.
- Q3: Give the schematic representation of glycolysis?
- Q4: What are the main steps in aerobic respiration? Where does it take place?
- Q5: Give the schematic representation of an overall view of Krebs’ cycle.
- Q6: Explain ETS.
- Q7(a): Distinguish between the following: (a) Aerobic respiration and Anaerobic respiration
- Q7(b): Distinguish between the following: (b) Glycolysis and Fermentation
- Q8: What are the assumptions made during the calculation of net gain of ATP?
- Q9: Discuss “The respiratory pathway is an amphibolic pathway.”
- Q10: Define RQ. What is its value for fats?
- Q11: What is oxidative phosphorylation?
- Q12: What is the significance of step-wise release of energy in respiration?
CBSE Solutions for Class 11 Biology Respiration in Plants
Chapters in CBSE - Class 11 Biology
- The Living World
- Biological Classification
- Plant Kingdom
- Animal Kingdom
- Morphology of Flowering Plants
- Anatomy of Flowering Plants
- Structural Organisation in Animals
- Cell – The Unit of Life
- Biomolecules
- Cell Cycle and Division
- Transport in Plants
- Mineral Nutrition
- Photosynthesis
- Plant Growth and Development
- Digestion and Absorption
- Breathing and Exchange of Gases
- Body Fluids and Circulation
- Excretory Products and Elimination
- Locomotion and Movement
- Neural Control and Coordination
- Chemical Coordination and Integration
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