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Q3:
Give the schematic representation of glycolysis?
Solution :
Initial Biochemical Parameters
Glycolysis (the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway) is the fundamental metabolic pathway that converts one molecule of $C_6H_{12}O_6$ (glucose) into two molecules of $CH_3COCOOH$ (pyruvic acid). The process occurs in the cytosol and yields a net gain of $2$ ATP and $2$ NADH molecules.
Step 1: The Preparatory Phase (Investment Phase)
- Phosphorylation: Glucose is phosphorylated to Glucose-6-phosphate by hexokinase, consuming $1$ ATP. [Ref: ATP-dependent kinase reaction].
- Isomerization: Glucose-6-phosphate is converted to its isomer, Fructose-6-phosphate.
- Second Phosphorylation: Fructose-6-phosphate is phosphorylated to Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate by phosphofructokinase, consuming $1$ ATP.
- Cleavage: Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate is split into two $3$-carbon molecules: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) and Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP).
Step 2: The Pay-off Phase (Energy Extraction)
- Oxidation and Phosphorylation: G3P is oxidized and phosphorylated to $1,3$-bisphosphoglycerate, reducing $NAD^+$ to $NADH + H^+$.
- Substrate-level Phosphorylation (I): Conversion of $1,3$-bisphosphoglycerate to $3$-phosphoglycerate produces $1$ ATP per molecule.
- Conversion: $3$-phosphoglycerate transforms into $2$-phosphoglycerate, then to Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP).
- Substrate-level Phosphorylation (II): PEP is converted to Pyruvate by pyruvate kinase, generating $1$ ATP per molecule.
Metabolic Summary Table
| Input | Output |
|---|---|
| $1$ Glucose ($6C$) | $2$ Pyruvic acid ($3C$) |
| $2$ ATP (Used) | $4$ ATP (Produced) |
| $2$ $NAD^+$ | $2$ $NADH + 2H^+$ |
Final Solution: The net yield of glycolysis per glucose molecule is $2$ Pyruvate, $2$ ATP, and $2$ NADH. The overall stoichiometry is: $Glucose + 2ATP + 2NAD^+ + 4ADP + 2P_i \rightarrow 2 Pyruvate + 2ADP + 2NADH + 2H^+ + 4ATP + 2H_2O$.
More Questions from Class 11 Biology Respiration in Plants EXERCISES
- Q1(a): Differentiate between (a) Respiration and Combustion
- Q1(b): Differentiate between (b) Glycolysis and Krebs’ cycle
- Q1(c): Differentiate between (c) Aerobic respiration and Fermentation
- Q2: What are respiratory substrates? Name the most common respiratory substrate.
- Q4: What are the main steps in aerobic respiration? Where does it take place?
- Q5: Give the schematic representation of an overall view of Krebs’ cycle.
- Q6: Explain ETS.
- Q7(a): Distinguish between the following: (a) Aerobic respiration and Anaerobic respiration
- Q7(b): Distinguish between the following: (b) Glycolysis and Fermentation
- Q7(c): Distinguish between the following: (c) Glycolysis and Citric acid Cycle
- Q8: What are the assumptions made during the calculation of net gain of ATP?
- Q9: Discuss “The respiratory pathway is an amphibolic pathway.”
- Q10: Define RQ. What is its value for fats?
- Q11: What is oxidative phosphorylation?
- Q12: What is the significance of step-wise release of energy in respiration?
CBSE Solutions for Class 11 Biology Respiration in Plants
Chapters in CBSE - Class 11 Biology
- The Living World
- Biological Classification
- Plant Kingdom
- Animal Kingdom
- Morphology of Flowering Plants
- Anatomy of Flowering Plants
- Structural Organisation in Animals
- Cell – The Unit of Life
- Biomolecules
- Cell Cycle and Division
- Transport in Plants
- Mineral Nutrition
- Photosynthesis
- Plant Growth and Development
- Digestion and Absorption
- Breathing and Exchange of Gases
- Body Fluids and Circulation
- Excretory Products and Elimination
- Locomotion and Movement
- Neural Control and Coordination
- Chemical Coordination and Integration
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