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Q1(c):
Differentiate between (c) Aerobic respiration and Fermentation
Solution :
1. Conceptual Definitions
Aerobic respiration is the process of complete oxidation of organic substrates (primarily glucose) into $CO_2$ and $H_2O$ in the presence of atmospheric oxygen, yielding a high net gain of $ATP$. Fermentation is an anaerobic process where organic substrates are incompletely oxidized into ethanol, lactic acid, or other organic compounds, occurring in the absence of oxygen.
2. Comparative Analysis Table
| Feature | Aerobic Respiration | Fermentation |
|---|---|---|
| Oxygen Requirement | Requires molecular oxygen ($O_2$). | Occurs in the absence of $O_2$. |
| End Products | $CO_2$, $H_2O$, and $ATP$. | Ethyl alcohol or Lactic acid, $CO_2$. |
| Substrate Oxidation | Complete oxidation of glucose. | Incomplete oxidation of glucose. |
| Energy Yield | High ($36$ to $38$ $ATP$ per glucose). | Low ($2$ $ATP$ per glucose). |
| Location | Cytoplasm and Mitochondria. | Cytoplasm only. |
3. Biochemical Pathways & Stoichiometry
Step 1: Aerobic Respiration (Complete Oxidation)
The total oxidation of one molecule of glucose follows the chemical equation:
$C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 38ATP$ [Per the principles of Oxidative Phosphorylation in the Electron Transport Chain].
Step 2: Fermentation (Incomplete Oxidation)
In yeast, alcoholic fermentation occurs:
$C_6H_{12}O_6 \rightarrow 2C_2H_5OH + 2CO_2 + 2ATP$ [Per the anaerobic glycolysis pathway].
4. Visual Schematic of Metabolic Divergence
5. Physiological Justification
The critical distinction lies in the role of the final electron acceptor. In aerobic respiration, oxygen acts as the terminal electron acceptor in the Electron Transport System [Per the Chemiosmotic Coupling Hypothesis], allowing for the regeneration of $NAD^+$ and $FAD$ to drive the Citric Acid Cycle. In fermentation, organic intermediates (like pyruvate or acetaldehyde) act as electron acceptors to regenerate $NAD^+$, preventing the total breakdown of the carbon skeleton and resulting in significant residual chemical energy trapped in the end products.
Final Solution: Aerobic respiration is characterized by the complete oxidation of glucose using oxygen to yield 36-38 ATP, whereas fermentation is the incomplete oxidation of glucose occurring in the absence of oxygen, yielding only 2 ATP.
More Questions from Class 11 Biology Respiration in Plants EXERCISES
- Q1(a): Differentiate between (a) Respiration and Combustion
- Q1(b): Differentiate between (b) Glycolysis and Krebs’ cycle
- Q2: What are respiratory substrates? Name the most common respiratory substrate.
- Q3: Give the schematic representation of glycolysis?
- Q4: What are the main steps in aerobic respiration? Where does it take place?
- Q5: Give the schematic representation of an overall view of Krebs’ cycle.
- Q6: Explain ETS.
- Q7(a): Distinguish between the following: (a) Aerobic respiration and Anaerobic respiration
- Q7(b): Distinguish between the following: (b) Glycolysis and Fermentation
- Q7(c): Distinguish between the following: (c) Glycolysis and Citric acid Cycle
- Q8: What are the assumptions made during the calculation of net gain of ATP?
- Q9: Discuss “The respiratory pathway is an amphibolic pathway.”
- Q10: Define RQ. What is its value for fats?
- Q11: What is oxidative phosphorylation?
- Q12: What is the significance of step-wise release of energy in respiration?
CBSE Solutions for Class 11 Biology Respiration in Plants
Chapters in CBSE - Class 11 Biology
- The Living World
- Biological Classification
- Plant Kingdom
- Animal Kingdom
- Morphology of Flowering Plants
- Anatomy of Flowering Plants
- Structural Organisation in Animals
- Cell – The Unit of Life
- Biomolecules
- Cell Cycle and Division
- Transport in Plants
- Mineral Nutrition
- Photosynthesis
- Plant Growth and Development
- Digestion and Absorption
- Breathing and Exchange of Gases
- Body Fluids and Circulation
- Excretory Products and Elimination
- Locomotion and Movement
- Neural Control and Coordination
- Chemical Coordination and Integration
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