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Q7(a):
Distinguish between the following: (a) Aerobic respiration and Anaerobic respiration
Solution :
1. Conceptual Definitions
Aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration represent the two primary metabolic pathways for the catabolism of respiratory substrates (typically glucose) to yield chemical energy in the form of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP).
2. Comparative Analysis Table
| Feature | Aerobic Respiration | Anaerobic Respiration |
|---|---|---|
| Oxygen Requirement | Requires molecular oxygen ($O_2$). | Occurs in the absence of molecular oxygen ($O_2$). |
| End Products | $CO_2$, $H_2O$, and ATP. | Ethyl alcohol ($C_2H_5OH$) and $CO_2$ (in yeast) or Lactic acid (in muscle cells/bacteria). |
| Complete Oxidation | Complete breakdown of glucose substrate. | Incomplete breakdown of glucose substrate. |
| Energy Yield | High (36 or 38 ATP per glucose molecule). | Low (2 ATP per glucose molecule). |
| Cellular Location | Cytoplasm and Mitochondria. | Cytoplasm only. |
3. Chemical Stoichiometry and Derivation
Aerobic Respiration: [Per the Glycolysis and Krebs Cycle pathway]
$C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 2900 \, kJ \, energy$
Anaerobic Respiration (Fermentation): [Per the Alcoholic Fermentation pathway]
$C_6H_{12}O_6 \rightarrow 2C_2H_5OH + 2CO_2 + 210 \, kJ \, energy$
4. Visual Representation of Metabolic Flow
5. Physiological Justification
- Aerobic: Utilizes the Electron Transport System (ETS) situated in the inner mitochondrial membrane where oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor [Per Chemiosmotic Hypothesis].
- Anaerobic: Relying solely on substrate-level phosphorylation, the cell is unable to oxidize NADH back to $NAD^+$ in the absence of oxygen; thus, pyruvate is reduced to byproducts to regenerate $NAD^+$ [Per the regeneration of $NAD^+$ cycle].
Final Solution: Aerobic respiration is characterized by the complete combustion of glucose facilitated by atmospheric oxygen, yielding maximum ATP in the mitochondria, whereas anaerobic respiration involves incomplete substrate degradation in the cytoplasm, yielding limited ATP and various fermentation byproducts.
More Questions from Class 11 Biology Respiration in Plants EXERCISES
- Q1(a): Differentiate between (a) Respiration and Combustion
- Q1(b): Differentiate between (b) Glycolysis and Krebs’ cycle
- Q1(c): Differentiate between (c) Aerobic respiration and Fermentation
- Q2: What are respiratory substrates? Name the most common respiratory substrate.
- Q3: Give the schematic representation of glycolysis?
- Q4: What are the main steps in aerobic respiration? Where does it take place?
- Q5: Give the schematic representation of an overall view of Krebs’ cycle.
- Q6: Explain ETS.
- Q7(b): Distinguish between the following: (b) Glycolysis and Fermentation
- Q7(c): Distinguish between the following: (c) Glycolysis and Citric acid Cycle
- Q8: What are the assumptions made during the calculation of net gain of ATP?
- Q9: Discuss “The respiratory pathway is an amphibolic pathway.”
- Q10: Define RQ. What is its value for fats?
- Q11: What is oxidative phosphorylation?
- Q12: What is the significance of step-wise release of energy in respiration?
CBSE Solutions for Class 11 Biology Respiration in Plants
Chapters in CBSE - Class 11 Biology
- The Living World
- Biological Classification
- Plant Kingdom
- Animal Kingdom
- Morphology of Flowering Plants
- Anatomy of Flowering Plants
- Structural Organisation in Animals
- Cell – The Unit of Life
- Biomolecules
- Cell Cycle and Division
- Transport in Plants
- Mineral Nutrition
- Photosynthesis
- Plant Growth and Development
- Digestion and Absorption
- Breathing and Exchange of Gases
- Body Fluids and Circulation
- Excretory Products and Elimination
- Locomotion and Movement
- Neural Control and Coordination
- Chemical Coordination and Integration
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