Salem

Monika replied | 17 hrs ago

Cell Cycle Overview

The cell cycle is the process by which a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides to form two daughter cells. It has two main phases:

1. Interphase – the preparation phase (about 90% of the cycle)

2. M Phase (Mitotic Phase) – the division phase

🔹 INTERPHASE – Preparation for division

Interphase is divided into three stages:

🔸 G₁ Phase (Gap 1):

• The first stage after cell division

• The cell grows in size

• It makes proteins and organelles

• The cell prepares for DNA replication

🔸 S Phase (Synthesis):

• The cell replicates its DNA

• Each chromosome becomes two sister chromatids (exact copies)

🔸 G₂ Phase (Gap 2):

• The cell continues to grow

• It makes final preparations for mitosis

• Checks for DNA damage or replication errors

🔹 M PHASE (Mitosis Phase) – Division of the cell

The M phase includes mitosis (division of the nucleus) and cytokinesis (division of the cytoplasm).
Mitosis has four stages:

🔸 Prophase:

• Chromosomes condense and become visible

• Nuclear envelope starts to break down

• Spindle fibers begin to form

🔸 Metaphase:

• Chromosomes align at the center (equator) of the cell

• Spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of chromosomes

🔸 Anaphase:

• Sister chromatids are pulled apart toward opposite poles of the cell

• Now, each side has a complete set of chromosomes

🔸 Telophase:

• Chromosomes begin to de-condense

• Nuclear envelopes reform around each set of chromosomes

• Two new nuclei are formed

Then the cell completes cytokinesis, where the cytoplasm divides, forming two daughter cells.

🧾 In summary:

Neeraj Kumar Verma replied | 15 hrs ago

G1, G2, & S phase are part of Interphase.

S Phase : Synthesis of chromatin 

G1 phase: First growth phase (Gap 1)

G2 phase : 2nd growth phase (Gap2)

Prophase, Metaphase , Anaphase & Telophase are part of M phase in which actual cell division takes place.

Shehrebanu replied | 3 days ago

Carbon has a valency of 4.

Property of carbon: tetravalency and catenation 

Kareena Bairwa replied | 2 days ago

Carbon valency number is 4

The property of carbon leads to forming long chain compound is chaining 

Sadiq replied | 29 Jun

Corporate training encompasses organized development programs designed by companies to enhance employees' skills, knowledge, and competencies. It's a planned effort to improve employee performance, focusing on both technical and soft skills, and aligning with the company's strategic goals. Essentially, it's about providing employees with the tools and knowledge they need to succeed in their roles and contribute

Yogesh Yadav replied | 3 days ago

Corporate training is structured learning provided by companies to enhance employees’ skills, productivity, and performance for organizational growth.