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Q6:
Besides better aeration and mixing properties, what other advantages do stirred tank bioreactors have over shake flasks?
Solution :
Theoretical Foundation: Comparative Cultivation Systems
In biotechnological processes, the transition from shake flasks to stirred-tank bioreactors (STBs) represents a scale-up necessity for maintaining homeostatic conditions. While shake flasks are primarily used for small-scale pilot studies or inoculum preparation, STBs are the industry standard for industrial production [Per the principles of Bioprocess Engineering].
Step 1: Analysis of Environmental Control
Unlike shake flasks, which operate as batch systems with limited control, STBs incorporate sophisticated instrumentation. The primary advantages include:
- pH Regulation: STBs utilize automated pH sensors linked to peristaltic pumps that inject acid or base to maintain the optimal $pH$ for enzymatic stability and microbial growth [Based on Michaelis-Menten kinetics regarding pH sensitivity].
- Temperature Control: STBs are equipped with cooling jackets or internal heating coils, ensuring the culture remains at an optimal constant temperature, preventing denaturation of proteins or metabolic slowdown.
- Foam Control: High-density growth often produces foam that can clog filters. STBs utilize mechanical foam breakers or automated anti-foam agent dispensers to maintain surface tension equilibrium.
Step 2: Nutrient Optimization and Downstream Processing
The operational efficiency of an STB allows for superior nutrient management:
| Feature | Shake Flask | Stirred Tank Bioreactor |
|---|---|---|
| Nutrient Feeding | Batch only (Fixed initial quantity) | Fed-batch capability (Continuous nutrient addition) |
| Monitoring | Manual sampling (Contamination risk) | In-line probes (Real-time data acquisition) |
Step 3: Visual Representation of Bioreactor Architecture
Step 4: Analytical Synthesis of Advantages
Beyond aeration and mixing, the most critical advantage is the process continuity and scalability. STBs provide the following operational advantages:
- Sterility Maintenance: STBs are closed systems designed with aseptic ports, significantly reducing the contamination probability compared to the frequent opening/manipulation of shake flasks [In accordance with GMP - Good Manufacturing Practices].
- Fed-Batch Logic: By providing nutrients continuously, the STB extends the log phase of bacterial or cell culture growth, resulting in significantly higher biomass density and product yields ($g/L$).
- Sample Integrity: Real-time in-line monitoring of $DO$ (Dissolved Oxygen) and $pH$ allows for instantaneous adjustments, preventing the metabolic waste accumulation that leads to cell death in shake flask cultures.
Final Solution: The fundamental advantages of stirred tank bioreactors over shake flasks lie in their ability to provide real-time, automated control of physicochemical parameters (pH, temperature, and nutrient concentration) via a closed, sterile system, which facilitates high-density cell cultivation and consistent, large-scale product recovery.
More Questions from Class 12 Biology Biotechnology: Principles and Processes EXERCISES
- Q1: Can you list 10 recombinant proteins which are used in medical practice? Find out where they are used as therapeutics (use the internet).
- Q1: Can you list 10 recombinant proteins which are used in medical practice? Find out where they are used as therapeutics (use the internet).
- Q2: Make a chart (with diagrammatic representation) showing a restriction enzyme, the substrate DNA on which it acts, the site at which it cuts DNA and the product it produces.
- Q2: Make a chart (with diagrammatic representation) showing a restriction enzyme, the substrate DNA on which it acts, the site at which it cuts DNA and the product it produces.
- Q3: From what you have learnt, can you tell whether enzymes are bigger or DNA is bigger in molecular size? How did you know?
- Q3: From what you have learnt, can you tell whether enzymes are bigger or DNA is bigger in molecular size? How did you know?
- Q4: What would be the molar concentration of human DNA in a human cell? Consult your teacher.
- Q4: What would be the molar concentration of human DNA in a human cell? Consult your teacher.
- Q5: Do eukaryotic cells have restriction endonucleases? Justify your answer.
- Q5: Do eukaryotic cells have restriction endonucleases? Justify your answer.
- Q6: Besides better aeration and mixing properties, what other advantages do stirred tank bioreactors have over shake flasks?
- Q7: Collect 5 examples of palindromic DNA sequences by consulting your teacher. Better try to create a palindromic sequence by following base-pair rules.
- Q7: Collect 5 examples of palindromic DNA sequences by consulting your teacher. Better try to create a palindromic sequence by following base-pair rules.
- Q8: Can you recall meiosis and indicate at what stage a recombinant DNA is made?
- Q8: Can you recall meiosis and indicate at what stage a recombinant DNA is made?
- Q9: Can you think and answer how a reporter enzyme can be used to monitor transformation of host cells by foreign DNA in addition to a selectable marker?
- Q9: Can you think and answer how a reporter enzyme can be used to monitor transformation of host cells by foreign DNA in addition to a selectable marker?
- Q10(a): Describe briefly the following: (a) Origin of replication
- Q10(a): Describe briefly the following: (a) Origin of replication
- Q10(b): Describe briefly the following: (b) Bioreactors
- Q10(b): Describe briefly the following: (b) Bioreactors
- Q10(c): Describe briefly the following: (c) Downstream processing
- Q10(c): Describe briefly the following: (c) Downstream processing
- Q11(a): Explain briefly (a) PCR
- Q11(a): Explain briefly (a) PCR
- Q11(b): Explain briefly (b) Restriction enzymes and DNA
- Q11(b): Explain briefly (b) Restriction enzymes and DNA
- Q11(c): Explain briefly (c) Chitinase
- Q11(c): Explain briefly (c) Chitinase
- Q12(a): Discuss with your teacher and find out how to distinguish between (a) Plasmid DNA and Chromosomal DNA
- Q12(a): Discuss with your teacher and find out how to distinguish between (a) Plasmid DNA and Chromosomal DNA
- Q12(b): Discuss with your teacher and find out how to distinguish between (b) RNA and DNA
- Q12(b): Discuss with your teacher and find out how to distinguish between (b) RNA and DNA
- Q12(c): Discuss with your teacher and find out how to distinguish between (c) Exonuclease and Endonuclease
- Q12(c): Discuss with your teacher and find out how to distinguish between (c) Exonuclease and Endonuclease
CBSE Solutions for Class 12 Biology Biotechnology: Principles and Processes
Chapters in CBSE - Class 12 Biology
- Reproduction in Organisms
- Human Reproduction
- Reproductive Health
- Principles of Inheritance and Variation
- Molecular Basis of Inheritance
- Evolution
- Human Health and Disease
- Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production
- Microbes in Human Welfare
- Biotechnology and Its Applications
- Organisms and Populations
- Ecosystem
- Biodiversity and Conservation
- Environmental Issues
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