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Q6:
Besides better aeration and mixing properties, what other advantages do stirred tank bioreactors have over shake flasks?
Solution :
Theoretical Foundation: Comparative Cultivation Systems
In industrial microbiology and biotechnology, the choice between shake flasks (small-scale) and stirred tank bioreactors (large-scale) is dictated by the requirement for metabolic control and process optimization. While shake flasks are adequate for initial screening, stirred tank bioreactors provide the precision required for high-density cell culture and metabolite production.
Step 1: Analysis of Environmental Control Parameters
Stirred tank bioreactors utilize automated sensing and feedback control loops to maintain critical parameters at constant set-points. Unlike shake flasks, where environmental conditions fluctuate as the culture grows (e.g., pH drops due to acidic metabolic waste), bioreactors employ:
- pH Control: Addition of acids or bases through automated pumps [Per the principle of homeostasis in microbial kinetics].
- Temperature Regulation: Integrated water jackets or cooling coils maintain precise thermal conditions, preventing the accumulation of heat generated by exothermic microbial metabolism.
Step 2: Nutrient Delivery and Sampling
One of the primary advantages is the capability for fed-batch operation. In a shake flask, the nutrient profile is finite and determined solely by the initial composition of the medium. In a stirred tank bioreactor:
- Continuous Feed: Nutrients, precursors, or inhibitors can be added incrementally during the process to sustain log-phase growth and prolong product synthesis.
- Aseptic Sampling: The vessel is equipped with specialized ports allowing for the removal of culture samples without breaching the sterility of the system, enabling real-time monitoring of biomass and product concentration.
Step 3: Comparative Data Matrix
| Feature | Shake Flask | Stirred Tank Bioreactor |
|---|---|---|
| Monitoring | Manual/Periodic | Real-time (In situ sensors) |
| pH/Temperature Control | Passive/Absent | Automated/Active |
| Volume Scalability | Limited (usually < 2L) | High (up to $10,000+$ liters) |
| Input Management | Batch only | Fed-batch / Continuous |
Step 4: Schematic Illustration of Bioreactor Advantage
Conclusion: Synthesis of Advantages
Beyond aeration and mixing, stirred tank bioreactors offer: 1. Process Stability: Precise maintenance of pH and temperature, preventing product degradation. 2. Product Yield Optimization: Facilitation of fed-batch strategies which significantly increase biomass density. 3. Analytical Rigor: Integrated probe systems ($pO_2$, $pH$, temperature) allow for comprehensive data logging and kinetic analysis, essential for industrial scaling and regulatory compliance.
Final Solution: Stirred tank bioreactors provide superior process control through automated regulation of pH, temperature, and nutrient delivery (fed-batch), alongside real-time monitoring via in situ sensors and aseptic sampling capabilities, which are impossible to maintain in standard shake flasks.
More Questions from Class 12 Biology Biotechnology: Principles and Processes EXERCISES
- Q1: Can you list 10 recombinant proteins which are used in medical practice? Find out where they are used as therapeutics (use the internet).
- Q1: Can you list 10 recombinant proteins which are used in medical practice? Find out where they are used as therapeutics (use the internet).
- Q2: Make a chart (with diagrammatic representation) showing a restriction enzyme, the substrate DNA on which it acts, the site at which it cuts DNA and the product it produces.
- Q2: Make a chart (with diagrammatic representation) showing a restriction enzyme, the substrate DNA on which it acts, the site at which it cuts DNA and the product it produces.
- Q3: From what you have learnt, can you tell whether enzymes are bigger or DNA is bigger in molecular size? How did you know?
- Q3: From what you have learnt, can you tell whether enzymes are bigger or DNA is bigger in molecular size? How did you know?
- Q4: What would be the molar concentration of human DNA in a human cell? Consult your teacher.
- Q4: What would be the molar concentration of human DNA in a human cell? Consult your teacher.
- Q5: Do eukaryotic cells have restriction endonucleases? Justify your answer.
- Q5: Do eukaryotic cells have restriction endonucleases? Justify your answer.
- Q6: Besides better aeration and mixing properties, what other advantages do stirred tank bioreactors have over shake flasks?
- Q7: Collect 5 examples of palindromic DNA sequences by consulting your teacher. Better try to create a palindromic sequence by following base-pair rules.
- Q7: Collect 5 examples of palindromic DNA sequences by consulting your teacher. Better try to create a palindromic sequence by following base-pair rules.
- Q8: Can you recall meiosis and indicate at what stage a recombinant DNA is made?
- Q8: Can you recall meiosis and indicate at what stage a recombinant DNA is made?
- Q9: Can you think and answer how a reporter enzyme can be used to monitor transformation of host cells by foreign DNA in addition to a selectable marker?
- Q9: Can you think and answer how a reporter enzyme can be used to monitor transformation of host cells by foreign DNA in addition to a selectable marker?
- Q10(a): Describe briefly the following: (a) Origin of replication
- Q10(a): Describe briefly the following: (a) Origin of replication
- Q10(b): Describe briefly the following: (b) Bioreactors
- Q10(b): Describe briefly the following: (b) Bioreactors
- Q10(c): Describe briefly the following: (c) Downstream processing
- Q10(c): Describe briefly the following: (c) Downstream processing
- Q11(a): Explain briefly (a) PCR
- Q11(a): Explain briefly (a) PCR
- Q11(b): Explain briefly (b) Restriction enzymes and DNA
- Q11(b): Explain briefly (b) Restriction enzymes and DNA
- Q11(c): Explain briefly (c) Chitinase
- Q11(c): Explain briefly (c) Chitinase
- Q12(a): Discuss with your teacher and find out how to distinguish between (a) Plasmid DNA and Chromosomal DNA
- Q12(a): Discuss with your teacher and find out how to distinguish between (a) Plasmid DNA and Chromosomal DNA
- Q12(b): Discuss with your teacher and find out how to distinguish between (b) RNA and DNA
- Q12(b): Discuss with your teacher and find out how to distinguish between (b) RNA and DNA
- Q12(c): Discuss with your teacher and find out how to distinguish between (c) Exonuclease and Endonuclease
- Q12(c): Discuss with your teacher and find out how to distinguish between (c) Exonuclease and Endonuclease
CBSE Solutions for Class 12 Biology Biotechnology: Principles and Processes
Chapters in CBSE - Class 12 Biology
- Reproduction in Organisms
- Human Reproduction
- Reproductive Health
- Principles of Inheritance and Variation
- Molecular Basis of Inheritance
- Evolution
- Human Health and Disease
- Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production
- Microbes in Human Welfare
- Biotechnology and Its Applications
- Organisms and Populations
- Ecosystem
- Biodiversity and Conservation
- Environmental Issues
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