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Q1:
Can you list 10 recombinant proteins which are used in medical practice? Find out where they are used as therapeutics (use the internet).
Solution :
Identification of Recombinant Proteins and Therapeutic Applications
Recombinant proteins are proteins encoded by recombinant DNA, produced through the expression of the gene of interest in a host organism (e.g., E. coli, yeast, or mammalian cell lines). These proteins are critical in modern biotechnology for treating complex physiological deficiencies and diseases [Ref: rDNA Technology Principles].
| No. | Recombinant Protein | Therapeutic Application |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Insulin (Humulin) | Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus (Type 1 and Type 2) |
| 2 | Human Growth Hormone (Somatotropin) | Treatment of growth hormone deficiency and Turner syndrome |
| 3 | Erythropoietin (EPO) | Treatment of anemia associated with chronic kidney failure |
| 4 | Interferon Alpha | Treatment of Hepatitis B and C, and certain leukemias |
| 5 | Factor VIII | Treatment of Hemophilia A (blood clotting disorder) |
| 6 | Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) | Treatment of neutropenia in chemotherapy patients |
| 7 | Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA) | Dissolving blood clots in acute myocardial infarction (heart attack) |
| 8 | Interferon Beta-1b | Treatment of relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis |
| 9 | Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) | Assisted reproductive technology and fertility treatments |
| 10 | DNase I (Dornase alfa) | Management of Cystic Fibrosis (clearing airway secretions) |
Conceptual Overview of Recombinant Production
The synthesis of these proteins involves the insertion of a human gene into a vector, which is then transformed into a host. The host machinery transcribes and translates the gene [Per the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology].
Final Solution: The 10 recombinant proteins listed above represent essential biotechnological therapeutics, utilizing recombinant DNA technology to overcome limitations of traditional donor-derived biological products by ensuring purity, scalability, and safety.
More Questions from Class 12 Biology Biotechnology: Principles and Processes EXERCISES
- Q1: Can you list 10 recombinant proteins which are used in medical practice? Find out where they are used as therapeutics (use the internet).
- Q2: Make a chart (with diagrammatic representation) showing a restriction enzyme, the substrate DNA on which it acts, the site at which it cuts DNA and the product it produces.
- Q2: Make a chart (with diagrammatic representation) showing a restriction enzyme, the substrate DNA on which it acts, the site at which it cuts DNA and the product it produces.
- Q3: From what you have learnt, can you tell whether enzymes are bigger or DNA is bigger in molecular size? How did you know?
- Q3: From what you have learnt, can you tell whether enzymes are bigger or DNA is bigger in molecular size? How did you know?
- Q4: What would be the molar concentration of human DNA in a human cell? Consult your teacher.
- Q4: What would be the molar concentration of human DNA in a human cell? Consult your teacher.
- Q5: Do eukaryotic cells have restriction endonucleases? Justify your answer.
- Q5: Do eukaryotic cells have restriction endonucleases? Justify your answer.
- Q6: Besides better aeration and mixing properties, what other advantages do stirred tank bioreactors have over shake flasks?
- Q6: Besides better aeration and mixing properties, what other advantages do stirred tank bioreactors have over shake flasks?
- Q7: Collect 5 examples of palindromic DNA sequences by consulting your teacher. Better try to create a palindromic sequence by following base-pair rules.
- Q7: Collect 5 examples of palindromic DNA sequences by consulting your teacher. Better try to create a palindromic sequence by following base-pair rules.
- Q8: Can you recall meiosis and indicate at what stage a recombinant DNA is made?
- Q8: Can you recall meiosis and indicate at what stage a recombinant DNA is made?
- Q9: Can you think and answer how a reporter enzyme can be used to monitor transformation of host cells by foreign DNA in addition to a selectable marker?
- Q9: Can you think and answer how a reporter enzyme can be used to monitor transformation of host cells by foreign DNA in addition to a selectable marker?
- Q10(a): Describe briefly the following: (a) Origin of replication
- Q10(a): Describe briefly the following: (a) Origin of replication
- Q10(b): Describe briefly the following: (b) Bioreactors
- Q10(b): Describe briefly the following: (b) Bioreactors
- Q10(c): Describe briefly the following: (c) Downstream processing
- Q10(c): Describe briefly the following: (c) Downstream processing
- Q11(a): Explain briefly (a) PCR
- Q11(a): Explain briefly (a) PCR
- Q11(b): Explain briefly (b) Restriction enzymes and DNA
- Q11(b): Explain briefly (b) Restriction enzymes and DNA
- Q11(c): Explain briefly (c) Chitinase
- Q11(c): Explain briefly (c) Chitinase
- Q12(a): Discuss with your teacher and find out how to distinguish between (a) Plasmid DNA and Chromosomal DNA
- Q12(a): Discuss with your teacher and find out how to distinguish between (a) Plasmid DNA and Chromosomal DNA
- Q12(b): Discuss with your teacher and find out how to distinguish between (b) RNA and DNA
- Q12(b): Discuss with your teacher and find out how to distinguish between (b) RNA and DNA
- Q12(c): Discuss with your teacher and find out how to distinguish between (c) Exonuclease and Endonuclease
- Q12(c): Discuss with your teacher and find out how to distinguish between (c) Exonuclease and Endonuclease
CBSE Solutions for Class 12 Biology Biotechnology: Principles and Processes
Chapters in CBSE - Class 12 Biology
- Reproduction in Organisms
- Human Reproduction
- Reproductive Health
- Principles of Inheritance and Variation
- Molecular Basis of Inheritance
- Evolution
- Human Health and Disease
- Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production
- Microbes in Human Welfare
- Biotechnology and Its Applications
- Organisms and Populations
- Ecosystem
- Biodiversity and Conservation
- Environmental Issues
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