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Q2:
If your family owned a dairy farm, what measures would you undertake to improve the quality and quantity of milk production?
Solution :
Step 1: Selection and Breeding of High-Yielding Breeds
To enhance productivity, one must employ artificial insemination and controlled breeding programs. The objective is to cross-breed high-yielding varieties with disease-resistant, hardy breeds.
- Selection of Superior Sires: Identify bulls with high genetic potential for milk production [Per Mendelian inheritance principles].
- Artificial Insemination (AI): Utilize AI to introduce superior germplasm into the herd, which eliminates the need for maintaining multiple bulls and prevents the spread of reproductive diseases.
Step 2: Nutritional Management (Feed and Fodder)
The quantity and quality of milk are directly proportional to the nutritional input provided to the cattle.
| Component | Function |
|---|---|
| Roughage | High-fiber content (hay/straw) to ensure proper rumination and digestive health. |
| Concentrates | High-protein, carbohydrate, and mineral-rich feed to boost milk solids and yield. |
Step 3: Animal Health and Hygiene Protocols
High-quality milk production is contingent upon the physiological well-being of the livestock.
- Prophylactic Measures: Implement strict vaccination schedules against common bovine diseases such as Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) and Anthrax.
- Hygiene: Maintain sterile environments for milking. Regular cleaning of udders and milking equipment prevents mastitis (inflammation of the mammary gland) [Biological reference to microbial pathogen control].
- Veterinary Oversight: Periodic medical check-ups to monitor overall metabolic health and ensure the absence of sub-clinical infections.
Step 4: Infrastructure and Environmental Comfort
Cattle exhibit physiological stress in suboptimal temperatures, which inversely impacts hormone regulation (prolactin levels).
- Shelter: Well-ventilated, dry, and spacious sheds to prevent thermal stress.
- Watering: Continuous supply of potable water, as milk consists of approximately $87\%$ water.
Step 5: Record Keeping and Data Analytics
Quantifiable data must be maintained to track individual animal performance. By recording the daily yield, fat percentage, and protein content for every animal, the farm can cull low-producers and retain only the genetically superior stock [Per the Principles of Selective Breeding].
Final Solution: To maximize milk production, one must implement an integrated approach combining: (1) Genetic selection through artificial insemination, (2) Balanced ration and high-quality water supply, (3) Strict sanitary protocols to prevent mastitis and infectious diseases, and (4) Provision of stress-free housing with systematic performance record-keeping.
More Questions from Class 12 Biology Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production EXERCISES
- Q1: Explain in brief the role of animal husbandry in human welfare.
- Q3: What is meant by the term ‘breed’? What are the objectives of animal breeding?
- Q4: Name the methods employed in animal breeding. According to you which of the methods is best? Why?
- Q5: What is apiculture? How is it important in our lives?
- Q6: Discuss the role of fishery in enhancement of food production.
- Q7: Briefly describe various steps involved in plant breeding.
- Q8: Explain what is meant by biofortification.
- Q9: Which part of the plant is best suited for making virus-free plants and why?
- Q10: What is the major advantage of producing plants by micropropagation?
- Q11: Find out what the various components of the medium used for propagation of an explant in vitro are?
- Q12: Name any five hybrid varieties of crop plants which have been developed in India.
CBSE Solutions for Class 12 Biology Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production
- Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production Class 12 LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
- Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production Class 12 MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
- Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production Class 12 SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
- Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production Class 12 VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
Chapters in CBSE - Class 12 Biology
- Reproduction in Organisms
- Human Reproduction
- Reproductive Health
- Principles of Inheritance and Variation
- Molecular Basis of Inheritance
- Evolution
- Human Health and Disease
- Microbes in Human Welfare
- Biotechnology: Principles and Processes
- Biotechnology and Its Applications
- Organisms and Populations
- Ecosystem
- Biodiversity and Conservation
- Environmental Issues
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