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Q8:
Explain what is meant by biofortification.
Solution :
1. Definition of Biofortification
Biofortification is the process by which the nutritional quality of food crops is improved through agronomic practices, conventional plant breeding, or modern biotechnological techniques. Unlike post-harvest fortification, which involves adding nutrients during processing, biofortification aims to increase nutrient density directly within the edible parts of the plant during growth [Per FAO and WHO standards for food security].
2. Objectives of Biofortification
The primary objective is to address "hidden hunger"—the consumption of diets that are calorie-sufficient but micronutrient-deficient. Specific goals include:
- Increasing the concentration of essential vitamins (e.g., Vitamin A, Vitamin C).
- Enhancing levels of mineral elements (e.g., Iron, Zinc, Calcium).
- Improving protein content and the quality of amino acid profiles.
- Increasing the content of essential fatty acids to combat malnutrition in developing regions [By the principles of nutritional genomics].
3. Notable Examples and Applications
| Crop | Target Nutrient | Enhancement Strategy |
|---|---|---|
| Maize hybrids | Lysine and Tryptophan | Conventional Breeding |
| Wheat (Atlas 66) | Protein content | Selective Breeding |
| Rice (Golden Rice) | Pro-vitamin A ($\beta$-carotene) | Genetic Engineering |
| Bathua/Spinach | Iron and Calcium | Selection/Breeding |
4. Significance in Agricultural Science
Biofortification serves as a sustainable, long-term strategy for improving public health.
- Accessibility: It provides nutrients through stable, culturally acceptable food sources.
- Cost-Effectiveness: Once the biofortified variety is developed, the cost of ongoing delivery is minimal compared to supplement distribution programs [Economic justification].
- Genetic Stability: The nutritional traits are heritable, ensuring that the improved quality is maintained across subsequent generations of the plant population [By Mendelian Laws of Inheritance].
Final Solution: Biofortification is the plant breeding strategy used to develop crops with higher levels of vitamins, minerals, proteins, and healthier fats, specifically designed to eliminate micronutrient malnutrition in populations reliant on staple crops.
More Questions from Class 12 Biology Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production EXERCISES
- Q1: Explain in brief the role of animal husbandry in human welfare.
- Q2: If your family owned a dairy farm, what measures would you undertake to improve the quality and quantity of milk production?
- Q3: What is meant by the term ‘breed’? What are the objectives of animal breeding?
- Q4: Name the methods employed in animal breeding. According to you which of the methods is best? Why?
- Q5: What is apiculture? How is it important in our lives?
- Q6: Discuss the role of fishery in enhancement of food production.
- Q7: Briefly describe various steps involved in plant breeding.
- Q9: Which part of the plant is best suited for making virus-free plants and why?
- Q10: What is the major advantage of producing plants by micropropagation?
- Q11: Find out what the various components of the medium used for propagation of an explant in vitro are?
- Q12: Name any five hybrid varieties of crop plants which have been developed in India.
CBSE Solutions for Class 12 Biology Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production
- Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production Class 12 LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
- Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production Class 12 MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
- Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production Class 12 SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
- Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production Class 12 VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
Chapters in CBSE - Class 12 Biology
- Reproduction in Organisms
- Human Reproduction
- Reproductive Health
- Principles of Inheritance and Variation
- Molecular Basis of Inheritance
- Evolution
- Human Health and Disease
- Microbes in Human Welfare
- Biotechnology: Principles and Processes
- Biotechnology and Its Applications
- Organisms and Populations
- Ecosystem
- Biodiversity and Conservation
- Environmental Issues
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