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Q3:
What is meant by the term ‘breed’? What are the objectives of animal breeding?
Solution :
Definition of 'Breed'
In biological and agricultural science, a breed is defined as a group of animals related by descent and similar in most characters like general appearance, features, size, configuration, and other traits. These individuals belong to the same species but possess a set of distinct characteristics that distinguish them from other groups within the same species [Per Mendelian principles of heredity and population genetics].
Objectives of Animal Breeding
The primary aim of animal breeding is to increase the yield of products (such as milk, meat, eggs, or wool) and to improve the desirable qualities of the produce. The specific objectives are categorized as follows:
- Increased Productivity: Enhancement of the quantitative output of animal products [By artificial selection for high-yield traits].
- Improved Quality: Optimization of the nutritional value, texture, or composition of animal products.
- Disease Resistance: Development of genetic immunity or innate resilience against common pathogens, reducing reliance on pharmaceuticals.
- Environmental Adaptability: Selection of genotypes that exhibit better survival and performance rates under specific climatic conditions (e.g., heat tolerance in tropical regions).
- Reduced Reproductive Cycle Duration: Shortening the intervals between generations to achieve faster genetic gain through selective breeding.
Schematic Representation of Breeding Objectives
Methods of Achieving Objectives
To reach these objectives, breeders employ specific mating strategies based on genetic distance:
| Method | Definition | Application |
|---|---|---|
| Inbreeding | Mating of more closely related individuals within the same breed for 4–6 generations. | To identify and eliminate harmful recessive genes and accumulate superior genes (homozygosity). |
| Outbreeding | Mating of unrelated animals, either within the same breed (outcrossing) or between different breeds (crossbreeding). | To overcome inbreeding depression and introduce hybrid vigor (heterosis). |
Final Solution: A breed is a group of animals that share common ancestry and uniform morphological characteristics. The fundamental objective of animal breeding is the systematic improvement of genetic potential to maximize production, enhance physiological fitness, and increase profitability in livestock management.
More Questions from Class 12 Biology Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production EXERCISES
- Q1: Explain in brief the role of animal husbandry in human welfare.
- Q2: If your family owned a dairy farm, what measures would you undertake to improve the quality and quantity of milk production?
- Q4: Name the methods employed in animal breeding. According to you which of the methods is best? Why?
- Q5: What is apiculture? How is it important in our lives?
- Q6: Discuss the role of fishery in enhancement of food production.
- Q7: Briefly describe various steps involved in plant breeding.
- Q8: Explain what is meant by biofortification.
- Q9: Which part of the plant is best suited for making virus-free plants and why?
- Q10: What is the major advantage of producing plants by micropropagation?
- Q11: Find out what the various components of the medium used for propagation of an explant in vitro are?
- Q12: Name any five hybrid varieties of crop plants which have been developed in India.
CBSE Solutions for Class 12 Biology Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production
- Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production Class 12 LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
- Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production Class 12 MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
- Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production Class 12 SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
- Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production Class 12 VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
Chapters in CBSE - Class 12 Biology
- Reproduction in Organisms
- Human Reproduction
- Reproductive Health
- Principles of Inheritance and Variation
- Molecular Basis of Inheritance
- Evolution
- Human Health and Disease
- Microbes in Human Welfare
- Biotechnology: Principles and Processes
- Biotechnology and Its Applications
- Organisms and Populations
- Ecosystem
- Biodiversity and Conservation
- Environmental Issues
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