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Q11:
Find out what the various components of the medium used for propagation of an explant in vitro are?
Solution :
Theoretical Foundation: Plant Tissue Culture Medium
The propagation of an explant in vitro—a process known as micropropagation—requires a specialized nutrient medium, commonly referred to as the basal medium (e.g., Murashige and Skoog medium). This medium provides the essential chemical and physical environment required for cellular differentiation and growth [Per the principle of Totipotency].
Step 1: Classification of Medium Components
The components of a plant tissue culture medium can be categorized into five functional groups:
| Category | Components | Function |
|---|---|---|
| Inorganic Nutrients | Macro-elements (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S) and Micro-elements (Fe, Mn, Zn, B, Cu, Mo) | Essential for enzyme activation and structural integrity of proteins and membranes. |
| Carbon Source | Sucrose (typically 2-3%) | Provides the energy necessary for respiration and carbon skeletons for biosynthesis. |
| Growth Regulators | Auxins (e.g., NAA, 2,4-D) and Cytokinins (e.g., BAP, Kinetin) | Regulates the ratio of root to shoot development [Per the Skoog-Miller Hypothesis]. |
| Vitamins & Amino Acids | Thiamine, Pyridoxine, Glycine, Myo-inositol | Cofactors for metabolic processes and nitrogen sources. |
| Solidifying Agent | Agar (0.5% - 1.0%) | Provides mechanical support for the explant to remain at the air-medium interface. |
Step 2: Analysis of Physical Parameters
In addition to chemical constituents, the medium must be regulated for:
- pH Adjustment: Typically maintained between $5.6$ and $5.8$ to ensure the solubility of minerals and nutrient uptake efficacy [Per optimal ion-exchange conditions].
- Sterilization: Autoclaving at $121^\circ\text{C}$ at $15\text{ psi}$ pressure to eliminate microbial contaminants.
Visual Representation of Micropropagation Components
Step 3: Justification of Components
The selection of these components is governed by the specific developmental requirement of the plant species. For instance, high Cytokinin to Auxin ratios promote shoot initiation, whereas high Auxin to Cytokinin ratios promote root initiation [Per the concept of Hormonal Control of Organogenesis].
Final Solution: The medium for in vitro propagation consists of a precise formulation of inorganic mineral salts (essential macro/micro-elements), a carbohydrate energy source (sucrose), specialized vitamins, amino acids, plant growth regulators (auxins and cytokinins), and a solidifying agent like agar, maintained at an optimal pH of 5.6–5.8 to support cell proliferation and differentiation.
More Questions from Class 12 Biology Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production EXERCISES
- Q1: Explain in brief the role of animal husbandry in human welfare.
- Q2: If your family owned a dairy farm, what measures would you undertake to improve the quality and quantity of milk production?
- Q3: What is meant by the term ‘breed’? What are the objectives of animal breeding?
- Q4: Name the methods employed in animal breeding. According to you which of the methods is best? Why?
- Q5: What is apiculture? How is it important in our lives?
- Q6: Discuss the role of fishery in enhancement of food production.
- Q7: Briefly describe various steps involved in plant breeding.
- Q8: Explain what is meant by biofortification.
- Q9: Which part of the plant is best suited for making virus-free plants and why?
- Q10: What is the major advantage of producing plants by micropropagation?
- Q12: Name any five hybrid varieties of crop plants which have been developed in India.
CBSE Solutions for Class 12 Biology Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production
- Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production Class 12 LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
- Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production Class 12 MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
- Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production Class 12 SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
- Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production Class 12 VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
Chapters in CBSE - Class 12 Biology
- Reproduction in Organisms
- Human Reproduction
- Reproductive Health
- Principles of Inheritance and Variation
- Molecular Basis of Inheritance
- Evolution
- Human Health and Disease
- Microbes in Human Welfare
- Biotechnology: Principles and Processes
- Biotechnology and Its Applications
- Organisms and Populations
- Ecosystem
- Biodiversity and Conservation
- Environmental Issues
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