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Indian tanpura is supposed to have come in its modern shape around 500 years ago when it started featuring in paintings of that era.

As per one theory, the name tanpura is derived from sanskrit word taana, referring to a musical phrase and pura means full.

Another theory goes that it is a derivation of Persian word tanbur. Tanbur are long necked musical instruments originating in Mesopotamia . They are prevalent in folk music of Central Asia and Middle East. Tanpura is essentially an Indian adaptation of Tanbura as per this theory.

Renu sundriyal  I agree with the comment that the question is too vague. But I want to shift the conversation away from the notion of ‘musically badass’, and onto the notion of ‘performatively badass’. It’s one thing to compose a raucous piece of music and have it performed in front of a sophisticated paying audience who are primed to be receptive to what you’re doing—which is pretty much what every composer thus far did. From Beethoven to Stravinsky, they may all have been writing pounding or aggressive music—but they were doing it for an audience that prided itself on being cool enough to take what these composers were giving them. In other words: the badassery is purely aesthetic. But suppose that the consequences of making the music were potentially far worse than just people hissing through their keys at you. (That’s what happened to Arnold Schoenberg with his Chamber Symphony No. 1. Or slightly mixed reviews the next day, which happened to Beethoven with Symphonies No. 3 and 9. Contrary to legend, nobody ‘rioted’ at the first performances of Stravinsky’s Rite of Spring. There was a shouting match in the audience but it died down, and the work—which was the score of a ballet—ended up getting several curtain calls.) Suppose that making the music at all could get you thrown in prison? Or worse? Suppose that the very act of composing and publishing the music was, in fact, badass? In that case, I propose a rather different set of compositions as the most badass. Come back with me to late 16th/early 17th century England.