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Q1(iv):
Let $A = \begin{bmatrix} 2 & 4 \\ 3 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$, $B = \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 3 \\ -2 & 5 \end{bmatrix}$, $C = \begin{bmatrix} -2 & 5 \\ 3 & 4 \end{bmatrix}$. Find each of the following: (iv) $AB$
Solution :
Step 1: Definition of Matrix Multiplication
To compute the product of two matrices $A$ and $B$, denoted as $AB$, the number of columns in $A$ must equal the number of rows in $B$ [Per the definition of Matrix Multiplication]. Given matrices $A$ ($2 \times 2$) and $B$ ($2 \times 2$), the resulting matrix $C_{AB}$ will also be of dimension $2 \times 2$.
Step 2: Setup of the Multiplication Operation
Let $A = \begin{bmatrix} a_{11} & a_{12} \\ a_{21} & a_{22} \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} 2 & 4 \\ 3 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$ and $B = \begin{bmatrix} b_{11} & b_{12} \\ b_{21} & b_{22} \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 3 \\ -2 & 5 \end{bmatrix}$.
The product $AB$ is defined as:
$AB = \begin{bmatrix} (a_{11} \cdot b_{11} + a_{12} \cdot b_{21}) & (a_{11} \cdot b_{12} + a_{12} \cdot b_{22}) \\ (a_{21} \cdot b_{11} + a_{22} \cdot b_{21}) & (a_{21} \cdot b_{12} + a_{22} \cdot b_{22}) \end{bmatrix}$
Step 3: Calculating Elements
- Element (1,1): $(2 \cdot 1) + (4 \cdot -2) = 2 - 8 = -6$
- Element (1,2): $(2 \cdot 3) + (4 \cdot 5) = 6 + 20 = 26$
- Element (2,1): $(3 \cdot 1) + (2 \cdot -2) = 3 - 4 = -1$
- Element (2,2): $(3 \cdot 3) + (2 \cdot 5) = 9 + 10 = 19$
Visual Representation of Matrix Product
Step 4: Final Construction
Assembling the calculated scalars into the resulting matrix format:
$AB = \begin{bmatrix} -6 & 26 \\ -1 & 19 \end{bmatrix}$
Final Solution: $AB = \begin{bmatrix} -6 & 26 \\ -1 & 19 \end{bmatrix}$
More Questions from Class 12 Mathematics Matrices EXERCISE 3.2
- Q1(i): Let $A = \begin{bmatrix} 2 & 4 \\ 3 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$, $B = \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 3 \\ -2 & 5 \end{bmatrix}$, $C = \begin{bmatrix} -2 & 5 \\ 3 & 4 \end{bmatrix}$. Find each of the following: (i) $A + B$
- Q1(ii): Let $A = \begin{bmatrix} 2 & 4 \\ 3 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$, $B = \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 3 \\ -2 & 5 \end{bmatrix}$, $C = \begin{bmatrix} -2 & 5 \\ 3 & 4 \end{bmatrix}$. Find each of the following: (ii) $A – B$
- Q1(iii): Let $A = \begin{bmatrix} 2 & 4 \\ 3 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$, $B = \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 3 \\ -2 & 5 \end{bmatrix}$, $C = \begin{bmatrix} -2 & 5 \\ 3 & 4 \end{bmatrix}$. Find each of the following: (iii) $3A – C$
- Q1(v): Let $A = \begin{bmatrix} 2 & 4 \\ 3 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$, $B = \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 3 \\ -2 & 5 \end{bmatrix}$, $C = \begin{bmatrix} -2 & 5 \\ 3 & 4 \end{bmatrix}$. Find each of the following: (v) $BA$
- Q2(i): Compute the following: (i) $\begin{bmatrix} a & b \\ -b & a \end{bmatrix} + \begin{bmatrix} a & b \\ b & a \end{bmatrix}$
- Q2(ii): Compute the following: (ii) $\begin{bmatrix} a^2 + b^2 & b^2 + c^2 \\ a^2 + c^2 & a^2 + b^2 \end{bmatrix} + \begin{bmatrix} 2ab & 2bc \\ -2ac & -2ab \end{bmatrix}$
- Q2(iii): Compute the following: (iii) $\begin{bmatrix} -1 & 4 & -6 \\ 8 & 5 & 16 \\ 2 & 8 & 5 \end{bmatrix} + \begin{bmatrix} 12 & 7 & 6 \\ 8 & 0 & 5 \\ 3 & 2 & 4 \end{bmatrix}$
- Q2(iv): Compute the following: (iv) $\begin{bmatrix} \cos^2 x & \sin^2 x \\ \sin^2 x & \cos^2 x \end{bmatrix} + \begin{bmatrix} \sin^2 x & \cos^2 x \\ \cos^2 x & \sin^2 x \end{bmatrix}$
- Q3(i): Compute the indicated products. (i) $\begin{bmatrix} a & b \\ -b & a \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} a & -b \\ b & a \end{bmatrix}$
- Q3(ii): Compute the indicated products. (ii) $\begin{bmatrix} 1 \\ 2 \\ 3 \end{bmatrix} [2 \quad 3 \quad 4]$
- Q3(iii): Compute the indicated products. (iii) $\begin{bmatrix} 1 & -2 \\ 2 & 3 \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 2 & 3 \\ 2 & 3 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$
- Q3(iv): Compute the indicated products. (iv) $\begin{bmatrix} 2 & 3 & 4 \\ 3 & 4 & 5 \\ 4 & 5 & 6 \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} 1 & -3 & 5 \\ 0 & 2 & 4 \\ 3 & 0 & 5 \end{bmatrix}$
- Q3(v): Compute the indicated products. (v) $\begin{bmatrix} 2 & 1 \\ 3 & 2 \\ -1 & 1 \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 & 1 \\ -1 & 2 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$
- Q3(vi): Compute the indicated products. (vi) $\begin{bmatrix} 3 & -1 & 3 \\ -1 & 0 & 2 \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} 2 & -3 \\ 1 & 0 \\ 3 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$
- Q4: If $A = \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 2 & -3 \\ 5 & 0 & 2 \\ 1 & -1 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$, $B = \begin{bmatrix} 3 & -1 & 2 \\ 4 & 2 & 5 \\ 2 & 0 & 3 \end{bmatrix}$ and $C = \begin{bmatrix} 4 & 1 & 2 \\ 0 & 3 & 2 \\ 1 & -2 & 3 \end{bmatrix}$, then compute $(A+B)$ and $(B – C)$. Also, verify that $A + (B – C) = (A + B) – C$.
- Q5: If $A = \begin{bmatrix} \frac{2}{3} & 1 & \frac{5}{3} \\ \frac{1}{3} & \frac{2}{3} & \frac{4}{3} \\ \frac{7}{3} & 2 & \frac{2}{3} \end{bmatrix}$ and $B = \begin{bmatrix} \frac{2}{5} & \frac{3}{5} & 1 \\ \frac{1}{5} & \frac{2}{5} & \frac{4}{5} \\ \frac{7}{5} & \frac{6}{5} & \frac{2}{5} \end{bmatrix}$, then compute $3A – 5B$.
- Q6: Simplify $\cos \theta \begin{bmatrix} \cos \theta & \sin \theta \\ -\sin \theta & \cos \theta \end{bmatrix} + \sin \theta \begin{bmatrix} \sin \theta & -\cos \theta \\ \cos \theta & \sin \theta \end{bmatrix}$
- Q7(i): Find $X$ and $Y$, if (i) $X + Y = \begin{bmatrix} 7 & 0 \\ 2 & 5 \end{bmatrix}$ and $X - Y = \begin{bmatrix} 3 & 0 \\ 0 & 3 \end{bmatrix}$
- Q7(ii): Find $X$ and $Y$, if (ii) $2X + 3Y = \begin{bmatrix} 2 & 3 \\ 4 & 0 \end{bmatrix}$ and $3X + 2Y = \begin{bmatrix} 2 & -2 \\ -1 & 5 \end{bmatrix}$
- Q8: Find $X$, if $Y = \begin{bmatrix} 3 & 2 \\ 1 & 4 \end{bmatrix}$ and $2X + Y = \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 \\ -3 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$
- Q9: Find $x$ and $y$, if $2\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 3 \\ 0 & x \end{bmatrix} + \begin{bmatrix} y & 0 \\ 1 & 2 \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} 5 & 6 \\ 1 & 8 \end{bmatrix}$
- Q10: Solve the equation for $x, y, z$ and $t$, if $2\begin{bmatrix} x & z \\ y & t \end{bmatrix} + 3\begin{bmatrix} 1 & -1 \\ 0 & 2 \end{bmatrix} = 3\begin{bmatrix} 3 & 5 \\ 4 & 6 \end{bmatrix}$
- Q11: If $x\begin{bmatrix} 2 \\ 3 \end{bmatrix} + y\begin{bmatrix} -1 \\ 1 \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} 10 \\ 5 \end{bmatrix}$, find the values of $x$ and $y$.
- Q12: Given $3\begin{bmatrix} x & y \\ z & w \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} x & 6 \\ -1 & 2w \end{bmatrix} + \begin{bmatrix} 4 & x+y \\ z+w & 3 \end{bmatrix}$, find the values of $x, y, z$ and $w$.
- Q13: If $F(x) = \begin{bmatrix} \cos x & -\sin x & 0 \\ \sin x & \cos x & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$, show that $F(x) F(y) = F(x + y)$.
- Q14(i): Show that (i) $\begin{bmatrix} 5 & -1 \\ 6 & 7 \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} 2 & 1 \\ 3 & 4 \end{bmatrix} \neq \begin{bmatrix} 2 & 1 \\ 3 & 4 \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} 5 & -1 \\ 6 & 7 \end{bmatrix}$
- Q14(ii): Show that (ii) $\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 2 & 3 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 1 & 1 & 0 \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} -1 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & -1 & 1 \\ 2 & 3 & 4 \end{bmatrix} \neq \begin{bmatrix} -1 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & -1 & 1 \\ 2 & 3 & 4 \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 2 & 3 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 1 & 1 & 0 \end{bmatrix}$
- Q15: Find $A^2 – 5A + 6I$, if $A = \begin{bmatrix} 2 & 0 & 1 \\ 2 & 1 & 3 \\ 1 & -1 & 0 \end{bmatrix}$
- Q16: If $A = \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 & 2 \\ 0 & 2 & 1 \\ 2 & 0 & 3 \end{bmatrix}$, prove that $A^3 – 6A^2 + 7A + 2I = 0$
- Q17: If $A = \begin{bmatrix} 3 & -2 \\ 4 & -2 \end{bmatrix}$ and $I=\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$, find $k$ so that $A^2 = kA – 2I$
- Q18: If $A = \begin{bmatrix} 0 & -\tan\frac{\alpha}{2} \\ \tan\frac{\alpha}{2} & 0 \end{bmatrix}$ and $I$ is the identity matrix of order 2, show that $I + A = (I – A) \begin{bmatrix} \cos \alpha & -\sin \alpha \\ \sin \alpha & \cos \alpha \end{bmatrix}$
- Q19(a): A trust fund has ` 30,000 that must be invested in two different types of bonds. The first bond pays 5% interest per year, and the second bond pays 7% interest per year. Using matrix multiplication, determine how to divide ` 30,000 among the two types of bonds. If the trust fund must obtain an annual total interest of: (a) ` 1800
- Q19(b): A trust fund has ` 30,000 that must be invested in two different types of bonds. The first bond pays 5% interest per year, and the second bond pays 7% interest per year. Using matrix multiplication, determine how to divide ` 30,000 among the two types of bonds. If the trust fund must obtain an annual total interest of: (b) ` 2000
- Q20: The bookshop of a particular school has 10 dozen chemistry books, 8 dozen physics books, 10 dozen economics books. Their selling prices are ` 80, ` 60 and ` 40 each respectively. Find the total amount the bookshop will receive from selling all the books using matrix algebra.
- Q21: Assume $X, Y, Z, W$ and $P$ are matrices of order $2 \times n$, $3 \times k$, $2 \times p$, $n \times 3$ and $p \times k$, respectively. Choose the correct answer. The restriction on $n, k$ and $p$ so that $PY + WY$ will be defined are:
- Q22: Assume $X, Y, Z, W$ and $P$ are matrices of order $2 \times n$, $3 \times k$, $2 \times p$, $n \times 3$ and $p \times k$, respectively. Choose the correct answer. If $n = p$, then the order of the matrix $7X – 5Z$ is:
CBSE Solutions for Class 12 Mathematics Matrices
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