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Q3(b):
Examine the following functions for continuity. (b) $f(x) = \frac{1}{x-5}$, $x \neq 5$

Solution :

Step 1: Formal Definition of Continuity

A function $f(x)$ is continuous at a point $x = c$ if and only if the following three conditions are satisfied [Per the Definition of Continuity]:

  • $f(c)$ is defined.
  • $\lim_{x \to c} f(x)$ exists, i.e., $\lim_{x \to c^-} f(x) = \lim_{x \to c^+} f(x)$.
  • $\lim_{x \to c} f(x) = f(c)$.

Step 2: Identifying the Domain

The given function is $f(x) = \frac{1}{x - 5}$. The function is a rational function defined for all $x \in \mathbb{R}$ except where the denominator equals zero [By the definition of the domain of rational functions]. Setting the denominator to zero: $x - 5 = 0 \implies x = 5$. Thus, the domain of $f$ is $D_f = \mathbb{R} \setminus \{5\}$.

Step 3: Analytical Verification of Continuity

Let $c$ be any arbitrary real number in the domain such that $c \neq 5$. We must evaluate $\lim_{x \to c} f(x)$:

$\lim_{x \to c} f(x) = \lim_{x \to c} \left( \frac{1}{x - 5} \right)$

Using the Quotient Law for limits, since $\lim_{x \to c} (x - 5) = c - 5 \neq 0$:

$\lim_{x \to c} f(x) = \frac{\lim_{x \to c} (1)}{\lim_{x \to c} (x - 5)} = \frac{1}{c - 5}$

Since $f(c) = \frac{1}{c - 5}$, it is evident that $\lim_{x \to c} f(x) = f(c)$. Therefore, $f(x)$ is continuous for all $c \in \mathbb{R} \setminus \{5\}$.

Step 4: Visual Representation

x y x=5 f(x) = 1/(x-5)

Step 5: Conclusion on Discontinuity

At $x = 5$, the function is undefined as division by zero is prohibited in the set of real numbers [By the Field Axioms of $\mathbb{R}$]. Because the function is not defined at $x=5$, it fails the first condition of continuity. Consequently, the function has a vertical asymptote at $x = 5$.

Final Solution: The function $f(x) = \frac{1}{x-5}$ is continuous for all $x \in \mathbb{R} \setminus \{5\}$ and is discontinuous at $x = 5$.


More Questions from Class 12 Mathematics Continuity and Differentiability EXERCISE 5.1


CBSE Solutions for Class 12 Mathematics Continuity and Differentiability


Chapters in CBSE - Class 12 Mathematics


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