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Q3(a):
Examine the following functions for continuity. (a) $f(x) = x - 5$

Solution :

Step 1: Definition of Continuity

A function $f(x)$ is said to be continuous at a point $x = c$ in its domain if and only if the following three conditions are satisfied [Per the Limit Definition of Continuity]:

  • $f(c)$ is defined.
  • $\lim_{x \to c} f(x)$ exists, i.e., $\lim_{x \to c^-} f(x) = \lim_{x \to c^+} f(x)$.
  • $\lim_{x \to c} f(x) = f(c)$.

Step 2: Analysis of the Domain

The given function is $f(x) = x - 5$. This is a polynomial function of degree 1. Polynomial functions are defined for all real numbers $x \in \mathbb{R}$. Therefore, the domain of $f(x)$ is $(-\infty, \infty)$. Let $c$ be any arbitrary real number such that $c \in \mathbb{R}$.

Step 3: Calculating $f(c)$

By substituting $x = c$ into the function expression:

$f(c) = c - 5$ [Substitution Property of Functions]

Step 4: Evaluating the Limit as $x \to c$

We evaluate the limit of the function as $x$ approaches $c$:

$\lim_{x \to c} f(x) = \lim_{x \to c} (x - 5)$

Using the Limit Law of Difference [$\lim_{x \to c} [f(x) - g(x)] = \lim_{x \to c} f(x) - \lim_{x \to c} g(x)$]:

$\lim_{x \to c} (x - 5) = (\lim_{x \to c} x) - (\lim_{x \to c} 5)$

Since $\lim_{x \to c} x = c$ and $\lim_{x \to c} 5 = 5$ [By the Identity Law and Constant Multiple Law]:

$\lim_{x \to c} f(x) = c - 5$

Step 5: Establishing Continuity

Comparing the results from Step 3 and Step 4:

$\lim_{x \to c} f(x) = c - 5 = f(c)$

Since the limit of the function as $x$ approaches $c$ is equal to the value of the function at $c$ for any arbitrary real number $c$, the function $f(x) = x - 5$ is continuous for all $x \in \mathbb{R}$.

Visual Representation

x y f(x) = x - 5

Final Solution: The function $f(x) = x - 5$ is a polynomial function and is continuous for all real numbers $x \in \mathbb{R}$.


More Questions from Class 12 Mathematics Continuity and Differentiability EXERCISE 5.1


CBSE Solutions for Class 12 Mathematics Continuity and Differentiability


Chapters in CBSE - Class 12 Mathematics


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